Ile nchi inaendeshwa kwa sheria ya dini ya kiislam
Hatutaki kama wewe unataka si uende huko wanakoendesha kwa hizo sharia za dini
Usikurupuke, siku hizi dunia kiganjani, isome historia ya sheria ya Sudan hapa👇🏾
Mfumo wa kisheria wa Sudan
The legal system of Sudan has evolved over time. The legacy of British colonial rule has had a significant impact even after independence. Most of the lawyers and judges were British trained and initially tended to rely on judicial precedent. Soon after independence, however, pressure began to build to change the legal system. By the time Jaafar Nimeiry seized power in 1969, a commission had been working on recommendations for a new system, but he dissolved it and formed another commission dominated by 12 Egyptian jurists. Based on recommendations received from them, Sudan adopted a new civil code that looked much like the Egyptian civil code of 1949. The new system was controversial because it disregarded existing laws and customs and introduced many new legal terms and concepts from Egyptian law without source material to interpret the codes. In 1973 the government repealed these codes and returned the legal system to its pre-1970 common-law status. In 1977 Nimeiry agreed to consider a Muslim Brotherhood demand that the system be based on Islam. He appointed al-Turabi as chairman of a committee to draft new Islamic laws. Nimeiry accepted few of the proposals from this committee. He then established a small, new group in 1983 that developed a “cut-and-paste” version of sharia laws based on practice in other countries. In September 1983, Nimeiry issued several decrees, known as the September Laws, which made sharia the law of the land.[1]
Waislamu wa kisekula na watu wa Kusini ambao wengi wao si Waislamu walipinga vikali kuwekwa kwa sheria ya Kiislamu. Hata kabla ya kutolewa kwa Sheria za Septemba, hata hivyo, John Garang , kiongozi wa Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) alijitenga na serikali na kuanza kuandaa upinzani wa Kusini kumpindua Nimeiry. Kutekelezwa kwa adhabu ya hudud , ambayo ni pamoja na kuchapwa viboko na kukatwa mikono na miguu, kuliibua upinzani mkubwa kwa serikali ya Nimeiry. Kufuatia kupinduliwa kwa Nimeiry mwaka 1985, serikali ya Swar al-Dahab ilisimamisha adhabu kali zaidi za hudud. Wote Swar al-Dahab na mrithi wake aliyechaguliwa kidemokrasia, Sadiq al-Mahdi, iliunga mkono sharia lakini ikakosoa mbinu yake ya utekelezaji na Nimeiry. Kufikia mapema mwaka wa 1989, al-Mahdi aliyesitasita alionyesha nia ya kufikiria kufutwa kwa sheria za sharia zenye utata. Hii ilisababisha mshirika wake wa muungano, al-Turabi na National Islamic Front (NIF), kujiuzulu kutoka kwa serikali kwa kupinga. Al-Mahdi alitangaza kwamba baraza la mawaziri litazingatia rasimu ya sheria ya kufuta Sheria za Septemba 1, 1989, na itakutana na viongozi wa SPLM kutatua kwa amani kukomesha vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Juni 1989 yaliyoongozwa na al-Bashir yalitokea saa 24 tu kabla ya serikali ya al-Mahdi kupangwa kupiga kura ya kufuta Sheria za Septemba. [1]
Awali serikali ya al-Bashir ilishikilia kusitishwa rasmi kwa utekelezaji wa sheria za sharia lakini iliwashauri majaji kuzitumia badala ya kanuni za kilimwengu. Al-Bashir alimtaka al-Turabi kuandaa sheria mpya zinazozingatia kanuni za Kiislamu. Mnamo Januari 1991, al-Bashir aliamuru kwamba sheria ya Kiislamu itatumika katika mahakama kote Kaskazini, lakini sio Kusini. Katiba ya 1998 ilibainisha kuwa chanzo cha sheria kwa Sudan kilikuwa sharia na ridhaa ya kitaifa kupitia upigaji kura pamoja na katiba na desturi. Kiutendaji, Sudan iliuchukulia Uislamu kama dini ya serikali na ilitarajia kuwa itahamasisha sheria za nchi, taasisi na sera za Kaskazini. Katiba ya Kitaifa ya Muda haikusisitiza sana jambo hili na ilisema kwa uwazi kwamba Sudan ilikuwa "nchi yenye dini nyingi" ambapo utofauti ulimaanisha kuishi pamoja. Hata hivyo,Chama cha National Congress (NCP). [1]
CPA ilibadilisha kwa kiasi kikubwa muundo wa mahakama Kaskazini na kuunda mfumo mpya wa kisheria wa Sudan Kusini , majimbo, na mji mkuu wa kitaifa wa Khartoum . Katiba ya Kitaifa ya Muda ilianzisha mamlaka huru ya mahakama ya kitaifa inayoongozwa na jaji mkuu. Jaji mkuu aliwahi kuwa rais wa Mahakama ya Juu ya Kitaifa na aliwajibika kwa rais wa jamhuri. Miundo ya mahakama ya kitaifa ilijumuisha Mahakama ya Juu ya Kitaifa, mahakama za kitaifa za rufaa, na mahakama nyingine za kitaifa. Hata hivyo, mahakama ilisalia kwa kiasi kikubwa kutii rais au vikosi vya usalama, haswa katika kesi za uhalifu dhidi ya serikali. [1]
Mahakama
Sheria ya Sharia
Marejeleo
Ilihaririwa mwisho mwaka 1 uliopita na JJMC89 bot III
MAKALA ZINAZOHUSIANA
Chama cha National Congress (Sudan)
1998-2019 chama tawala cha Sudan
Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya Kiislamu
1976-1998 shirika la kisiasa la Sudan
Jamhuri ya Sudan (1985–2019)
Serikali ya Sudan kutoka 1985 hadi 2019
Wikipedia