Tukumbuke Zamani: Historia ya Taifa letu katika picha

[Kichuguu]

Wakulu mie natafuta proceedings za ile kesi ya uhaini hasa zile cross examinations alizokuwa anazimwaga Wakili Murtaza Lakha. Nilikuwa mdogo zama zile lakini nakumbuka alivyokuwa anawahenyesha mashahidi kwa maswali ya provocations.

Halafu kama kuna mtu anajua the so called shahidi X, Y and the like walikuwa akina nani? kuna mtu aliniambia shahidi X alikuwa ni Mzee Apson mkurugenzi mstaafu wa usalama not sure abt that though

Mmojawapo kati ya shahidi X na Y alikuwa jamaa mmoja wa huko Bunda; namfahamu sana ametokea kijiji kimoja na Wasira. Alikuwa ni shushushu mkali sana. Kusema ukweli ile timu ya security ya Nyerere ilikuwa kali sana, na jamaa walikuwa tayari kubeba dhoruba yoyote katika kutafuta habari za kipelelezo. Kwa mfano, katika upepelezi wa ile kesi, huyu jamaa wa Bunda naye aliwekwa ndani pamoja na watuhumiwa kwa takribani miezi minne hivi akiwa anawapeleleza. Alipotoka kule jela akaja na burungutu la fedha na kuzamia nje kidogo kabla kesi haijaanza. Sijui siku hizi yuko wapi tena, ila najua kuwa mwishoni mwa miaka ya themanini na mwanzni mwa miaka ya tisini alikuwa asumbuliwa na kupooza upande mmoja wa mwili; aliepelekwa Ulaya kwa matibabu ila sijuia hatima yake iliishia wapi.

 

[JokaKuu]

Wakulu mie natafuta proceedings za ile kesi ya uhaini hasa zile cross examinations alizokuwa anazimwaga Wakili Murtaza Lakha. Nilikuwa mdogo zama zile lakini nakumbuka alivyokuwa anawahenyesha mashahidi kwa maswali ya provocations.

Halafu kama kuna mtu anajua the so called shahidi X, Y and the like walikuwa akina nani? kuna mtu aliniambia shahidi X alikuwa ni Mzee Apson mkurugenzi mstaafu wa usalama not sure abt that though

Masatu,

..wengine wanasema Mahiga na Col.Kitine ndiyo walikuwa vinara wa intelligence wakati ule. kwa hiyo kuna uwezekano mkubwa wao ndiyo mashahidi X na Y.

 

[Kichuguu]

Haya, jamani; nimeikuta picha hii kule kwa Shigongo nikaona niivute hapa panakohusika mara moja. Ilipigwa mwaka 1978, je nani anawajua jamaa hao watatu atutajie majina yao?

Nyingine ni hii hapa; inaonyesha kupigwa kabla ya maasi ya mwaka 1964. Nadhani hapa mwalimu anakagua RL mojawapo ya wakati huo, na hata huyu WOII aliemshikia hiyo RL ni mzungu

 

[William J. Malecela]

Mkuu Kichuguu,

Kama sikosei pale juu, kushoto ni Twalipo na kulia ni Musuguri.

 

[Phillemon Mikael]

Mkuu Kichuguu,

Kama sikosei pale juu, kushoto ni Twalipo na kulia ni Musuguri.

tawire..baba..ndio..

 

[Mzeeba]

Tanzanite ilitambuliwa (identified) kwa mara ya kwanza na Ian McCloud mtaalamu wa jiolojia wa Tanzania huko dodoma, mwaka 1967. Je ulikuwa unajua jina lilitolewa na Tiffany and company? "...Hyman Saul (aliyepata madini hayo Arusha) showed two facetted samples to Henry Platt of Tiffany and Company, who immediately appreciated the beauty of the gem and subsequently coined the name "tanzanite", an obvious allusion to its country of origin".

Chini ni picha ya dili la kwanza la madini hayo


Na hii hapa ni risiti ya Mauzo ya Manuel de Souza, the discoverer of the tanzanite.

Utaona katika hati hii anaitabulisha Tanzanite kama dumortierite kumbe ni zoisite , kama ilivyotambuliwa baadae. Yaani jamaa alipewa shs. 100. Kwa wachumi hii ni kama shilingi ngapi sasa hivi?


Hii hapa ni story kumhusu Manuel de Souza,aliyegundua (siye aliyeitambua) Tanzanite.

"... De Souza was a tailor in Arusha whose family originated from Goa, formerly part of Portuguese India. In Tanzania, he earned his living by making uniforms for the army but he had the "prospecting bug" and all his spare time and money were spent in looking for minerals. His passion probably started with gold-panning in western Tanzania, but in short order he realized what all East African prospectors come to understand, namely, that the countryside hides a rich and unexpected stock of mineral wealth. Gold is not all that to be found. There are many surprises and the biggest occurred when de Souza discovered what was to become the world's only tanzanite mining region.

A problem which caused much confusion but little harm was that Manuel had no idea what it was that he had discovered. Further, "zoisite" was the very last mineral name that would have come to mind because of the widespread belief in East Africa that zoisite had to be bright green as at Longido, somewhat further to the north in Tanzania. In truth, zoisite is usually gray, dirty white or dull greenish or brown… "rock colored". But in Tanzania, a bright green non-gem (opaque) variety with traces of chromium was known far and wide. (In Lexviken, Norway, by contrast, where a non-gem variety colored by traces of manganese is known, people are likely to associate zoisite with the color pink, "manganese pink".)

But Manuel and his family found themselves with a splendid blue-purple-"salmon" colored transparent gemstone. What was it? The question was important to him because he had to register his mining claim at the government Mines & Geology Department and to do so, he needed a mineral name, even a provisional name. In short order, he came up with the incorrect identification "olivine" and as other prospectors pegged the surrounding countryside around his original discovery site, they came up with other incorrect names "cordierite", "epidote", "dumortierite", etc. Not long afterwards one of the Tanzanian government geologists came up with the correct identification of "zoisite", though many people continued to harbor doubts until confirmations cam in from Harvard, the British Museum and Heidelberg.

Thus it came about that other people had registered mining claims for the mineral "zoisite" before Manuel de Souza himself got around to changing the name on his original claim registration. During this period another name became popular, a lovely name whose disappearance we regret. This was "Skaiblu", a Swahili-language borrowing of the English "Sky Blue".

Zoisite, Tanzanite or Skaiblu, this is a lovely stone.

 

[Rev. Kishoka]

Mwaka huu tutajua mengi na kukumbuka mengi!

 

[Mzeeba]

Ramani ya mahali ilipopatikana Tanzanite


Hii ni Hati ya utafutaji madini


Kusema kweli tulianza kuchangaya mambo kwenye hii sekta siku nyingi. Angalia hio address ya jamaa kwenye hati. Nadhani USA ndio home lakini Dar na Kenya sijaelewa

 

[Ochu]

JK akimpongeza Ben kwa kuteuliwa na CCM kuwa mgombea urais huko Chimwaga mwaka 1995

 

[Companero]

Wakulu mie natafuta proceedings za ile kesi ya uhaini hasa zile cross examinations alizokuwa anazimwaga Wakili Murtaza Lakha. Nilikuwa mdogo zama zile lakini nakumbuka alivyokuwa anawahenyesha mashahidi kwa maswali ya provocations.

Halafu kama kuna mtu anajua the so called shahidi X, Y and the like walikuwa akina nani? kuna mtu aliniambia shahidi X alikuwa ni Mzee Apson mkurugenzi mstaafu wa usalama not sure abt that though

Wasiliana na RAI, walikuwa wanazitoa kwenye gazeti lao kila juma - sijui wamefikia wapi!

 

[Masatu]

Kwenye hiyo picha u can tell Twalipo na Musuguri walikuwa wanajeshi haswa, sio hawa wa sasa vitambi na ma presha ya kufakamia ma junk food

 

[Companero]

Kusema kweli tulianza kuchangaya mambo kwenye hii sekta siku nyingi. Angalia hio address ya jamaa kwenye hati. Nadhani USA ndio home lakini Dar na Kenya sijaelewa

Kweli kabisa tulikubali kupigwa bao katika hii sekta toka zamani,naam toka enzi za mkoloni, hebu cheki historia hii ya ugunduzi wa almasi pale Mwadui kwa mujibu wa Meneja Mkuu Msaidizi Mzawa wa Kwanza, Al Noor Kassum:

The first Tanganyika diamond was found in 1911, and commercial production began in 1925. However, diamond mining was carried out only on a small scale until Canadian geologist, Dr. John T. Williamson, discovered a diamond deposit at Mwadui in Shinyanga area, and registered a claim on 9 March 1940. Williamson had worked for Anglo-American Corporation in Tanganyika, carrying out geological explorations near the company's small diamond mines in the Shinyanga area until 1938, when Anglo-American closed its Tanganyika diamond operations. Instead of continuing with the company, he decided to stay on in Tanganyike and took a mining lease on diamond workings formely held by Anglo-Americn at Kizambi. Unable to find any diamonds, he obtained a loan from another prospector and negotiated supplies on credit from a shopkeeper and then, together with his Tanganyikan assistant Bundallah, started searching for diamonds over a wider area. On 6 March 1940, with the money having almost run out, Bundallah found small nodules of ilmenite, which is a guide to the kimberlite rock in which diamonds are found. He collected a sample of the soil and walked the 30 km back to their base, arriving that evening. He and Williamson washed and screened the sample that same night, coming up with a 2-carat gem-quality diamond. Follow-up sampling showed the site of the find to be part of a diamondiferous kimberlite pipe covering 1.5 square kilometres. It was the largest such pipe ever found...Williamson [then] owned two-thirds of the shares in Williamson Diamonds Ltd., the rest being owned by two other people. Bundallah also benefited financially from the success of the enterprise and retired in very comfortable circumstance" (Africa's Winds of Changes: Memoirs of an International Tanzanians page 83-84 Emphasis Added)

Maskini Bundala!Du kumbe tulianza kubundalaishwa na wawekezaji toka zamani za mkoloni mkongwe!Hatujajifunza tu?

 

[Mwanangurumo]

1.

kama ninakumbuka vizuri hawa walikuwa kina mzee ngaiza, uncle tom lugakingira, kina the mcghee ndugu wawili kutoka jeshi la kikosi cha anga, pia mkulu wangu bob bayona, halafu kulikuwa na mwanajeshi mmoja wa cheo cha liutenant ambaye ndiye hasa aliyekuwa chanzo cha kushikwa kwao, walimshikia kwenye magorofa ya ubungo, wengine siwakumbuki,

- nikweli uncle tom, alitoroka jella ya ukonga na kwenda london, ni mistery ambayo mpaka leo haijawahi kuwa-explained na serikali, lakini nasikia tu kuwa pia kulikuwa na m-israeli mmoja kati yao ambaye siku walipompeleka ukonga, aliwaambia wazi kuwa by kesho atakuwa ameondoka maana ile jella was nothing kwake, na ni kweli aliondoka usiku ule na uncle tom.

2.

hii kitu ninaikumbuka pia ingawa ni siku nyingi sana, kwa sababu kuna siku huyu bwana alihisiwa kuonekana ndani ya hotel ya new african hotel, ile sehemu yote ikazibwa, wananchi tukawa tumezunguka kutka kujua kinachoendelea,

kwa jina la mtaaani alikuwa akijulikana kama "nyau", sikumbuki jina lake kamili kwa sababu halikuwa likitajwa kabisaa, alikuwa mkazi wa kionondoni ni kweli siku moja alikutana uso kwa uso na maa-agent, na kuwapa a good piece of history ya namna ya kutumia bunduki kwenye maeneo ya kinondoni karibu na pale kwenye kituo kikubwa cha mabasi zamani pakiitwa muslim schoool, by the time ameanguka chini kulikuwa na maa-agent kama watano aliowapumzisha chini,

exactly who was "nyau", mpaka leo sina uhakika kama kweli alikuwa comandoo, au jambazi tu aliyejihusisha na the so called wahaini ambao baadaye wote waliachiwa huru.

huyu bwana jina lingine alikuwa anaitwa kitambi alifukuzana na polisi baadaye alidandia gali la kampuni ya bia na kuanza kuwarushia chupa. Aliuwawa na mwanajeshi mmoja ambaye alikuwa afisa usalama. Walikuwa wengi timu yao akina zera banyikwa na mzee mwenyewe banyikwa akina mchwampaka

 

[William J. Malecela]

Ramani ya mahali ilipopatikana Tanzanite

Mkuu Mzeeeba,

Heshima mbele bro, hii ni historia saafi sana.

 

[Mkandara]

Field Marshall Es,
Unajua ninaposoma kuhusu Guinea inanikumbusha sana Biafra na yule mkulu wao UJUKWU... ajabu kinachonishangaza ni kwamba Biafra walitaka kujitenga na sisi Tanzania tuli support kitendo kile ambacho matokeo yake walikufa watu kama millioni...
1. naomba kama kuna mtu ana picha za Ojukwu na mwalimu..
- Hivi Ojukwu akaingia mitini... hvi kafia wapi komandoo yule..
2. Hivi kuna tofauti yoyote ya sehemu (land) kati ya Niger Delta na Biafra? au ndio hiyo hiyo, wamerudi na mbinu mpya..

 

[Jasusi]

Field Marshall Es,
Unajua ninaposoma kuhusu Guinea inanikumbusha sana Biafra na yule mkulu wao UJUKWU... ajabu kinachonishangaza ni kwamba Biafra walitaka kujitenga na sisi Tanzania tuli support kitendo kile ambacho matokeo yake walikufa watu kama millioni...
1. naomba kama kuna mtu ana picha za Ojukwu na mwalimu..
- Hivi Ojukwu akaingia mitini... hvi kafia wapi komandoo yule..
2. Hivi kuna tofauti yoyote ya sehemu (land) kati ya Niger Delta na Biafra? au ndio hiyo hiyo, wamerudi na mbinu mpya..

Mkandara,
Wakati Tanzania inatambua Biafra nilikuwa Agha Khan Secondary School, ambayo baadaye mliita Tambaza. Sisi wanafunzi wa Kiafrika wote tuliounga mkono kujitenga kwa Biafra, lakini Wahindi, wakikumbuka kutenganishwa kwa India na Pakistan, walipinga kwa dhati. Ojukwu bado yupo. Kilichosababisha Biafra kujitenga, ni pogrom waliyofanyiwa Waibo ambao ndio walikuwa kama Mayahudi wa Nigeria, hasa katika eneo la kaskazini mwa nchi baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1966. Alichofanya Mwalimu, alifunga safari kukutana na Jemadari Gowon, akamsihi wajadiliane na Ojwuku, watafute muafaka kwa mauaji yaliyokuwa yanaendelea. Gowon akakataa akisema hawezi kujadiliana na "junior officer." Unajua tena arrogance ya Sundhurst graduates. Mwalimu akaenda Ivory Coast kukutana na Houphoet Boigny ikaamuliwa kuwa Biafra itambuliwe kama njia ya kum "pressure" Gowon akubali kujadiliana na Ojwuku. Zambia na Haiti nazo zikaitambua Biafra. Lakini unajua ndugu yangu mambo haya hayawezi kumalizika bila mwingilio wa wakubwa. Uingereza ilishajua kuwa kuna mafuta huko Biafra na haikutaka kuiachia Ufaransa inufaike na mafuta hayo kwa hiyo walimsaidia Gowon juu chini kuwamaliza Wabiafra. Ufaransa ilikuwa upande wa Biafra. Marekani was neutral. Actually a lot of fundraising by Biafran students was done in the US. Siku ambayo Tanzania imeitambua Biafra ilikuwa easter. Mwalimu alialikwa nyumbani kwa Butiku and I happened to be there, pamoja na akina Mgaya, na Mzee Munanka (rip) Butiku alikuwa na telegrams nyingi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali zikimpongeza Mwalimu kwa msimamo huo lakini Mwalimu alikuwa na swali moja tu: "will Africa understand?" Alilirudia hilo swali mara kadhaa.
Hii ya Delta nadhani ni uchungu wa kuona kuwa federal government inatajirika na mafuta ya eneo hilo wakati ambapo wakazi wa eneo wamefunikwa na ufukara uliokithiri. They want a share of the pie.

 

[Kichuguu]

Mkandara,
Wakati Tanzania inatambua Biafra nilikuwa Agha Khan Secondary School, ambayo baadaye mliita Tambaza. Sisi wanafunzi wa Kiafrika wote tuliounga mkono kujitenga kwa Biafra, lakini Wahindi, wakikumbuka kutenganishwa kwa India na Pakistan, walipinga kwa dhati. Ojukwu bado yupo. Kilichosababisha Biafra kujitenga, ni pogrom waliyofanyiwa Waibo ambao ndio walikuwa kama Mayahudi wa Nigeria, hasa katika eneo la kaskazini mwa nchi baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1966. Alichofanya Mwalimu, alifunga safari kukutana na Jemadari Gowon, akamsihi wajadiliane na Ojwuku, watafute muafaka kwa mauaji yaliyokuwa yanaendelea. Gowon akakataa akisema hawezi kujadiliana na "junior officer." Unajua tena arrogance ya Sundhurst graduates. Mwalimu akaenda Ivory Coast kukutana na Houphoet Boigny ikaamuliwa kuwa Biafra itambuliwe kama njia ya kum "pressure" Gowon akubali kujadiliana na Ojwuku. Zambia na Haiti nazo zikaitambua Biafra. Lakini unajua ndugu yangu mambo haya hayawezi kumalizika bila mwingilio wa wakubwa. Uingereza ilishajua kuwa kuna mafuta huko Biafra na haikutaka kuiachia Ufaransa inufaike na mafuta hayo kwa hiyo walimsaidia Gowon juu chini kuwamaliza Wabiafra. Ufaransa ilikuwa upande wa Biafra. Marekani was neutral. Actually a lot of fundraising by Biafran students was done in the US. Siku ambayo Tanzania imeitambua Biafra ilikuwa easter. Mwalimu alialikwa nyumbani kwa Butiku and I happened to be there, pamoja na akina Mgaya, na Mzee Munanka (rip) Butiku alikuwa na telegrams nyingi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali zikimpongeza Mwalimu kwa msimamo huo lakini Mwalimu alikuwa na swali moja tu: "will Africa understand?" Alilirudia hilo swali mara kadhaa.
Hii ya Delta nadhani ni uchungu wa kuona kuwa federal government inatajirika na mafuta ya eneo hilo wakati ambapo wakazi wa eneo wamefunikwa na ufukara uliokithiri. They want a share of the pie.

Hii ni skuli niliyokuwa siifahamu; asante sana tena Jasusi.

Siku zote nilidhani kuwa Nyerere aliitambua Biafra kutokana na urafiki wake binafsi na Ojukwu, kwa vile alikuwa mmoja wa makamanda walioletwa na Commonwealth kutuliza maasi ya TAR ya mwaka 1964.

 

[William J. Malecela]

1. Wakati Tanzania inatambua Biafra nilikuwa Agha Khan Secondary School, ambayo baadaye mliita Tambaza. Sisi wanafunzi wa Kiafrika wote tuliounga mkono kujitenga kwa Biafra, lakini Wahindi, wakikumbuka kutenganishwa kwa India na Pakistan, walipinga kwa dhati.

2. Ojukwu bado yupo. Kilichosababisha Biafra kujitenga, ni pogrom waliyofanyiwa Waibo ambao ndio walikuwa kama Mayahudi wa Nigeria, hasa katika eneo la kaskazini mwa nchi baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1966.

3. Alichofanya Mwalimu, alifunga safari kukutana na Jemadari Gowon, akamsihi wajadiliane na Ojwuku, watafute muafaka kwa mauaji yaliyokuwa yanaendelea.

4. Gowon akakataa akisema hawezi kujadiliana na "junior officer." Unajua tena arrogance ya Sundhurst graduates. Mwalimu akaenda Ivory Coast kukutana na Houphoet Boigny ikaamuliwa kuwa Biafra itambuliwe kama njia ya kum "pressure" Gowon akubali kujadiliana na Ojwuku.

5. Zambia na Haiti nazo zikaitambua Biafra. Lakini unajua ndugu yangu mambo haya hayawezi kumalizika bila mwingilio wa wakubwa. Uingereza ilishajua kuwa kuna mafuta huko Biafra na haikutaka kuiachia Ufaransa inufaike na mafuta hayo kwa hiyo walimsaidia Gowon juu chini kuwamaliza Wabiafra. Ufaransa ilikuwa upande wa Biafra.

6. Marekani was neutral. Actually a lot of fundraising by Biafran students was done in the US.

7. Siku ambayo Tanzania imeitambua Biafra ilikuwa easter. Mwalimu alialikwa nyumbani kwa Butiku and I happened to be there, pamoja na akina Mgaya, na Mzee Munanka (rip) Butiku alikuwa na telegrams nyingi kutoka sehemu mbalimbali zikimpongeza Mwalimu kwa msimamo huo lakini Mwalimu alikuwa na swali moja tu: "will Africa understand?" Alilirudia hilo swali mara kadhaa.

8. Hii ya Delta nadhani ni uchungu wa kuona kuwa federal government inatajirika na mafuta ya eneo hilo wakati ambapo wakazi wa eneo wamefunikwa na ufukara uliokithiri. They want a share of the pie.

Mkuu Jasusi,

1. Darasa zito sana hili, ninaikumbuka Biafra na nyimbo tulizoimba sana shuleni za za kumsifu "Koloneli Ojukwu", lakini nilikuwa mdogo sana.

2. Nikiwa NY, niliwahi kuongea na M-Nigeria mmoja ambaye ninamua-admire sana, aliwahi kuwa balozi wao kule UN na sasa ni mkuu ndani ya UN, anaitwa Gen. Gambari, ambaye ni rafiki wa karibu sana na Gen. Gowon na Ojukwu, serikali ya Nigeria inamuogopa sana huyu mkulu na hata hutumia hela kumfanya asirudi Nigeria, kwa kweli baadhi ya aliyoniambia kuhusu Biafra ni sawa kabisa na unayosema,

Lakini nina wasi wasi kuwa kwenye ku-support Biafra, we were wrong na kama sikosei kuna wakati Mwalimu, akiwa hai aliwahi ku-apologize for, I mean leo Mwanza wanataka kujitenga na Tanzania, halafu ije nchi nyingine iwa-support, that was very wrong nafikri hata standing yetu katika international world Affairs, ninaamini tulichukua a bite kidogo, halafu pia ilitu-cost sana economically kwa sababu japo nilikuwa mdogo sana lakini ninakumbuka ile michango ya kusaidia Biafra,

Lakini ashante sana kwa kipande zaid cha historia.

 

[Jasusi]

1.
Mkuu Jasusi,
Lakini nina wasi wasi kuwa kwenye ku-support Biafra, we were wrong na kama sikosei kuna wakati Mwalimu, akiwa hai aliwahi ku-apologize for, I mean leo Mwanza wanataka kujitenga na Tanzania, halafu ije nchi nyingine iwa-support, that was very wrong nafikri hata standing yetu katika international world Affairs, ninaamini tulichukua a bite kidogo, halafu pia ilitu-cost sana economically kwa sababu japo nilikuwa mdogo sana lakini ninakumbuka ile michango ya kusaidia Biafra,

Lakini ashante sana kwa kipande zaid cha historia.

Kilichompa shida Mwalimu katika uamuzi huo ni imani yake kwamba Afrika tusijigawe mapande mapande. Mwalimu alipofunga safari mwezi Februari 1967 kwenda Afrika magharibi alikuwa anajaribu kutafuta ufumbuzi kwa mauaji ya Waibo, ambayo kila Mnigeria anakiri yalifanyika. Nkrumah alikuwa ameshapinduliwa na hakukuwepo kiongozi yeyote Afrika magharibi aliyekuwa na influence kama Nkrumah, ndipo Mwalimu alipomfuata Houphoet Boigny, ambaye kiitikadi walikuwa tofauti kama usiku na mchana. Mwalimu akajitolea kuzungumza na Meja Gowon lakini Gowon akakataa hata kuzungumza tu na Ojukwu. Hata kuitambua Biafra was some kind of pressure on Gowon lakini kumbe wakati huo Gowon tayari alikuwa ameshaahidiwa misaada na Uingereza. Kwa hiyo hiyo contradiction Mwalimu aliiona na ilimpa shida sana, ndio maana akijiuliza mara kwa mara kama Afrika itaelewa? For the Ibos it was a question of survival na kama hawatakiwi katika sehemu nyingine za Federal Nigeria they had a home to go to where they could be safe. Haikuwa suala la kujitenga tu for the sake of it. Mpaka leo ukikutana na Muibo ukimwambia unatoka Tanzania anakuchangamkia kweli.

 

[JokaKuu]

..Taarifa ya Serikali ya Tanzania kuitambua Biafra ilitolewa na CHEDIEL MGONJA ambaye alikuwa Min of State Foreign Affairs.

..hapa chini nimewekea vipande vichache toka kwenye statement ndefu iliyotolewa Ikulu Dar-Es-Salaam.

States are made to serve people; governments are established to protect the citizen of a state against external enemies and internal wrong-doers. It is on these grounds that people surrender their right and power of self-defence to the government of the state in which they live. But when the machinery of the State, and the powers of the Government, are turned against a whole group of the society on the grounds of racial, tribal or religious
prejudice, then the victims have the right to take back the powers they have surrendered, and to defend themselves.

For while people have a duty to defend the integrity of their state, and even to die in its defence this duty stems from the fact that it is theirs, and that it is important to their well-being and to the future of their children. When the state ceases to stand for the honour, the protection, and the well-being of all its citizens, then it is no longer the instrument of those it has rejected. In such a case the people have the right to create another instrument for their protection - in other words, to create another state.

This right cannot be abrogated by constitution, nor by outsiders. The basis of statehood, and of unity can only be general acceptance by the participants. When more than twelve million people have become convinced that they are rejected, and that there is no longer any basis for unity between them and other groups of people, then that unity has already ceased to exist. You cannot kill thousands of people, and keep killing more, in the name of unity. There is no unity between the dead and those who killed them; and there is no unity in slavery or domination.

Africa needs unity. We need unity over the whole continent, and in the meantime we need unity within the existing states of Africa. It is a tragedy when we experience a setback to our goal of unity. But the basis of our need for unity, and the reason for our desire for it, is the greater well being, and the greater security, of the people of Africa. Unity by conquest is impossible. It is not practicable; and even if military might could force the acceptance of a particular authority, the purpose of unity would have been destroyed. For the purpose of unity, its justification, is the service of all peoples who are united together. The general consent of all the people involved is the only basis on which unity in Africa can be maintained or extended.

We therefore recognise the State of Biafra as an independent sovereign entity, and as a member of the community of nations. Only by this act of recognition can we remain true to our conviction that the purpose of society and of all political organisation, is the service of man.

Dar-es-Salaam,
13th April, 1968.

kusoma taarifa nzima bonyeza hapa