Tumefurahi kumsikia Waziri wa Ulinzi na Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa, ambaye pia ni Mbunge wa Jimbo la Karagwe, kule mkoani Kagera, Mhe. Innocent Bashungwa, akiongelea
ubinafsishaji wa Bandari za Tanania Bara.
"Ubinafsishaji ni mchakato wa kuhamisha asilimia yote au asilimia kidogo ya umiliki wa rasilimali au taasisi zinazomilikiwa na serikali na kuziweka mikononi mwa wajasiriamali walioko kwenye sekta binafsi kwa ajili ya kuongeza kasi ya utendaji, tija na kuipunguzia serikali mzigo wa gharama za uendeshaji."
Mchakato huu unaweza kuhamisha asilimia yote au asilimia kidogo ya ummiliki wa haki zinazohusu matumizi (
use ownership rights), au umiliki wa haki zinazohusu faida (
fruits ownership rights), au umiliki wa haki zinazohusu uwezo wa kuuza kitu kinachoilikiwa (
substantive ownership rights), au baadhi ya haya matatu, au yote matatu kwa pamoja.
Kwa ufafanuzi zaidi tunawea kurejea kazi ya E.S. Savas (1987), "Privatisation: The Key to Better Government (Chatham House Publishing Inc.).
Maoni yetu ni kwamba, kwa kuzingatia fasili hiyo hapo juu, na malengo ya mkataba wa awali kati ya Tanzania na Dubai, ubinafsishaji ndio mchakato unaoendelea kuhusiana na mkataba wa awali kati ya Tanzania na Dubai. Ibara ya 2(1) ya mkataba huu inathibitisha haya kwa kusema yafuatayo:
Na kama anavyosikika akisema Waziri wa Ulini, Mhe. Bashungwa, malengo ya ubinafsishaji yanawafaa, sio CCM pekee, bali umma wote wa Tanania.
Tunaelewa kwaba sheria za nchi na sera za CCM zinaonyesha kuwa ubinafsishaji unaweza kufanywa na serikali, sekta binafsi, au kupitia ushirikiano kati ya serikali na sekta binafsi.
Nchini Tanzania ubinafsishaji unaratibiwa chini ya sheria ya ubia kati ya sekta ya umma na sekta binafsi ya mwaka 2010.
Yaani, "
The Public-Private Partnership Act No.10/2010, Chapter 103," ambapo ibara ya 6(3) inataja maeneo 26 ya ushirikiano, yaanii:
"....crop farming, livestock, poultry, fisheries, irrigation, roads, bridges, railways, airports, aviation, shipping, navigation, energy, buildings, Industry, Exploration, Mining, Education, Health, Environmental Conservation, Waste Management, Information Technology, Communication Technology, Trade, Sports, and Recreation."
Kwa mujibu wa sheria zetu ubinafsishaji ni sera ya Taifa. Na katika sekta yoyote kati ya sekta hizi 26 ubinafsisiahji unaweza kufanyika kwa asilimia kidogo au asilimia zote mia moja.
Kwa hiyo, sio dhambi serikali ya Tanzania, ikiwemo serikali ya CCM, kubinafsisha bandari kwa kutumia mbinu yoyote halali.
Tatizo ni kwaba, mchakato wa sasa unatumia mbinu haramu ili kufanikisha malengo mazuri. Tutaeleza
Kwanza, kuna utata kwenye ibara ya 2(1), kuhusu aina na wigo wa mkataba wa Tanzania na Dubai juu ya ubinafsishaji unaokusudiwa. Maneno niliyoyapigilia msitari hapa chini yanahusika.
Maneno yenye utata na yanayoleta hofu kwa wananchi wakazi wa maeneo yaliyo jirani na maeneo yanayoguswa na mkataba ni haya;
"...areas of cooperation for the development, improvement, management and operation of SEA AND LAKE PORTS, SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES, LOGISTIC PARKS, TRADE CORRIDORS and other related strategic port infrastructure in Tanzania."
Maneno haya yakisomwa pamoja na maudhui ya Kiambatanisho Na. 01 yanazua utata na hofu kubwa. Sehemu ya Kiambatanisho hicho yenye kuongeza hofu ni hii hapa:
Majukumu ya bandari na miundombinu yake hutumia ardhi ambayo imefungamana na maisha ya kila siku ya wakazi walio jirani na uwekezaji wa aina hiyo.
Kuhusu ardhi hiyo, sheria tajwa ya ubia inasema yafuatayo katika ibara namba 13:
"13. Where, the project requires acquisition of land for its implementation, the acquisition shall be carried on in accordance with the Land Act, Village Land Act, the Land User Planning Act, Land Acquisition Act and any other relevant laws."
Hivyo, wananchi walioko katika mwambao wa Bahari ya Hindi na miambao ya maziwa kama vile Ziwa Nyasa, Ziwa Viktoria na Ziwa Tanganyika wanataka kusikia serikali inasema nini kuhusu ardhi zao, kwa kuzingatia matakwa haya ya kisheria.
Pili, kuna tatizo la kufanya mambo kana kwamba sheria na kanuni za nchi zinazoongoza ubinafsishaji hazipo. Aina ya ubinafsishaji unaokusudiwa na serikali haiko bayana.
Kanuni naba 02, katika, Toleo Na. 37/2020, inasema kwamba ubinafsishaji unaweza kutekelezwa kwa kutumia modeli za ushirikiano (
partnership models) zifuatazo:
"(a) service and management contracts; (b) design, build, operate and transfer; (c) design, build, operate and maintain; (d) build, operate and transfer; (e) design, build and operate; (f) design, build, finance, operate and maintain; (g) build, own, operate and transfer;(h) build, lease and transfer; (i) build, transfer and operate; (j) operation and maintenance; (k) operation, maintenance and management; and(l) lease, develop and operate."
Katika muktadha huu, watu wanauliza: ndoa ya Tanzania na Dubai imesimama wapi? Swali hili halijapatiwa jawabu kamilifu.
Kwa kuwa IGA inaweka misingi ya ushirikiano, kulihitajika ibara nzima kwa ajili ya kufafanua jabo hili ndani yake. Naona kwamba haipo. Kama ipo imetumia misamiati mbadala ambayo imenipiga chenga.
Tatizo la tatu ni kwamba, hatua za kikanuni za ubinafsishaji zinazotajwa kwenye Kanuni za ubinafsishaji, Toleo Na. 37/2020, ibara ya 34-61, hazionekani kuzingatiwa na serikali. Hatua hizo ni hizi hapa;
34. Procurement principles.
35. Methods of procurement of unsolicited projects.
36. Market sounding
37. Procurement of solicited project.
38. Bidding criteria of a private party.
39. Issuance of Pre-qualification documents.
40. Pre-qualification proceedings.
41. Participation of consortia.
42. Clarification of applications for pre-qualification.
43. Appointment of evaluation team.
44. Receipt, evaluation of applications for pre-qualification.
45. Approval of shortlist.
46. Contents of request for proposals.
47. Approval and issuance of request for proposals.
48. Further demonstration of fulfilment of qualification criteria.
49. Bid securities for solicited proposal.
50. Clarification and modification of bid documents.
51. Submission of bids.
52. Extension of time for submission of bids.
53. Evaluation of submitted proposal.
54. General evaluation criteria.
55. Financial evaluation criteria.
56. Evaluation of proposals based on criteria in bidding document.
57. Conduct of due diligence.
58. Preferred and reserve bidders.
59. Value for money report.
60. Approval of award of contract by Steering Committee.
61. Notice of intention to award contract.
Kanuni hizi ni sehemu ya sheria za nchi zinazoongoza ubinafsishaji, hata bila kujali sera za CCM zinasema nini.
Zimekiukwa kwa asiliia 100 na watu wote serikalini wamekaa kimya kwa sababu ya kubembeleza urafiki wa Kaizari.
"
Ukipinga unapinga jambo la Mama," ndio kaulimbiu inayotumika kama nyenzo ya vitisho. Sio katika Tanzania ya Nyerere!
Na tatizo la nne ni kwamba, mkataba wa Tanania na Dubai unapendekeza ubinafsishaji utakaopitia mchakato wenye hatua kuu nne.
Yaani, mkataba wa awali wa kiserikali, mikataba ya nyongeza ya kibiashara, mkataba wa kukodishana uendeshaji wa bandari, na mikataba ya kukodishana ardhi.
Yaani, "inter-governmental agreeents (
IGA), host governent agreements (HGA), concessional agreements and lease agreements."
Mchakato huu hautokani na sheria wala kanuni za ubinafsishaji katika Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania.
Badala yake, ni kama tunatumia sheria za serikali ya Dubai kuendesha serikali ya Tanzania. Jabo hili sio salama kwa nchi yetu. Ni kuuza uhuru na utaifa wetu.
Kwa ujumla, sheria ya ubinafsishaji na kanuni zake vinaanzisha mfumo murua wa kisheria unaosimamia ubia wa watu au kampuni binafsi katika miradi ya Serikali kupitia mikataba maalum.
Ubia huo una lengo la kutekeleza marekebisho ya kiuchumi na kijamii nchini kwa lengo la kusaidia kukuza uchumi na kupunguza umaskini.
Watanzania wanataka kusikia viongozi wa chama na serikali wakiongea maneno yanayoakisi sheria na kanuni hizi. Bado kazi hii haijafanyika.
Mhe. Bashungwa na wenzake ambao ni wataalam wa uchumi na sheria wanaweza kuziba pengo hili kwa kiasi kikubwa. Tunawaomba wajitahidi kufikiri nje ya sanduki la kivyama maana Tanzania ni kubwa kuliko vyama.
Mawazo yetu ni hayo tu kwa sasa. Tunamtakia Mhe. Bashungwa uchapa kazi bora na ufanisi katika siasa za kitaifa.
Ubinafsishaji makini hoye!,
Ubinafsishaji holela mwiko!
Mama Amon Desk,
"Sumbawanga Town"
Sumbawanga.
17 Julai 2023.