Son of Alaska
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 2, 2008
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wana TANU
napia hauko mwenye akili timamu anaeweza kukubaliana na wewe kwa hoja zako dhaifu kuwa mohamed said ni mchochezi kwani yeye ameongea kila kitu kwa ushahidi ili kuipa nguvu hoja yako ilitakiwa utoe vielelezo ya kubatilisha ushahidi wake lakini hujafanya hivyo, hebu toa vielelezo vya kupinga ushahidi alioutoa ili tukuunge mkono coz naona unatafuta kuungwa mkono kwa nguvu
Ulitaka ushahidi gani mkuu?
Mohamed Said amesema katika kitabu chake kuwa katika hotuba ya kuaga taifa Mwalimu Nyerere alitamka kuwa
"hakumbukii Abdul Sykes alikuwa na cheo gani",
Lakini nimempa hotuba halisi inayosomeka wazi na Mwalimu amesema wazi kuwa Abdul Sykes alikuwa Katibu wa TAA,
Sasa unataka ushahidi upu kuwa Mohamed Said ni mchochezi na Mzushi?
Kwanza nakuomba kasome kitabu cha Mohamed Said kisha njoo usome madai yangu na njoo tena tujadiliane mkuu!
Asante Son of Alaska lakini mbona hicho kiti anaweza tu akakaa mtu mmoja? Nasikia kuna watu wanataka na wazee wao nao wangetengewa japo kanafasi kwenye hicho kiti! Kwa kweli kujaribu kuibadilisha historia kwa kuipindisha ni kazi isiyowezekana...naona ndugu yetu Mohamed Said kidogo na kwa uchungu mkubwa, anaanza kulitambua hilo, asanteni JF. Bahati mbaya ukuta anaojaribu kusukumana nao, naye, kama wazee wake, ataondoka ukuta ukiwa bado umesimama pale pale bila hata kutikisika. Kwa hizi picha ningeomba mjadala ufungwe kama hilo litakubalika...shukhrani nyingi kwa wazalendo waliosimama kidete kuhakikisha mbegu ya chuki haipati rutuba.
FM,
Umefanya haraka hebu tulia na nisome tena katika hiyo post.
Hiyo uloweka ni taazia niliyoandika mimi na inatokana na kitabu ''Under the Shadow of British
Colonialism...''
Niliweka jina la Bwana Ally kwa makusudi ya maombolezo.
Peter Colmore alikuwa mzee wangu kama alivyokuwa rafiki yake Bwana Ally.
Hapana makala hiyo siyo waliyonitaarifu rafiki zangu kuwa nimenakiliwa na mimi niliposoma kitabu
nimeona ufananaji katika uandishi na staili.
Sasa tafadhali talii kitabu hicho ''Life in Tanganyika...'' kisha rejea katika mnakasha endapo utaona
ipo haja.
Mnaandika na ghadhabu katika nafsi zenu ndiyo maana mnakosa utulivu wa fikra.
Mjadala hautaki hivyo.
Mjadala unataka utulivu wa hali ya juu kabisa.
Lakini kama nilivyokwishasema.
Katika Uislam hilo si kosa ni usambazaji wa elimu.
Waandishi wa namna hii hawabughudhiwi.
[h=1]East Africa: Peter Colmore: The Man With the Midas Touch[/h]BY ALLY SYKES, 16 FEBRUARY 2004
BOOK REVIEW
Nairobi A personal memoir of East Africa's first and most succesful impresario by his longtime friend and business associate, the equally illustrious ALLY SYKES of Tanzania
In 1958 I formed my first company, Sykes Sales Promotion Consultancy, and an old friend, Peter Colmore, who had by then built up a very successful sales promotion business in Nairobi, appointed me his agent in Tanganyika.
Nyerere soon reassured her ( maria Gabriel) and after his salary had been settled, together they went to Musoma. There, on January 24, 1953, they were married by father William Collins, a Mary knoll Father, at the church. The long wait for twenty-four years old Maria was over. Six years is long engagement in any country .
A representative of Barclay Leech man, the Member for social services in Twinings Administration, had also greeted Nyerere at the airport. Leech man was mine was interested in the young Africa who had studied in his native Scotland. When he learnt of Nyereres M.A., he suggested that he should be given a European teachers salary.
The Governor and the Colonial Office agreed, but they had reckoned without Kenyas officialdom, who feared local repercussions if an African or an Asian were to be paid a European salary. Barclay Leech man could show Nyerere all the good-will in the World, but he could not give him the practical acknowledgment he deserved.
Leech man never told Nyerere about this. Nine years later, When Nyerere was already Prime Minister of Tanganyika he authorized the author to tell the story.
Nyereres appointment as history master of St Francis College, Pugu, near Dar-es-salaam, was officially made on October 9, 1952. The decision had actually been taken when Father Walsh told him in England that the three top classes of St Marys College, Tabora, Were being transferred to Pugu, Where the catholic Hierarchy was setting up its first territorial secondary school in Tanganyika. Nyerere was now offered a salary of 300 pounds; after a lot of argument between Father Walsh and the Government, this was raised to 450 pounds, plus a thirty-five per cent living allowance.
Naturally Nyerere made haste to see his nationalist friends in Dar-es-salaam. He had read, while in Edinburgh, accounts of their performance before the constitutional committee; now he heard details, which lost nothing in the telling. Yet these excited tales invariably ended in sadness, with an account of the Meru case.
After the wedding, when taking his bride from Musoma to the capital, Nyerere stopped in Mwanza for a discussion with Hamza Mwapachu and Abdullah Fundikira, old friends from Makerere days. They agreed to write essays on various subjects: Fundikira on agriculture, Mwapachu on social development, and Nyerere on political theory. All of them were quietly preparing for the day when would embark on political action.
In February, 1953, Julius and Maria started life in Pugu in a new house built for them, with a reasonable salary and the prospect of three of three peaceful, studious years. Soon Nyerere began to meet new people, some as intelligent and stimulating as those he had left behind in Edinburgh.
One of them was, Amir Jamal, a young Asian business man with a first class brain. Born in Tanganyika in 1920, he went to school there and then to India by train as a doctor. Despite his high marks, he could not get into the overcrowded Medical Faculty of Bombay University and therefore studied politics and economics.
Back in Dar-es-salaam in 1942, he entered the family business.
Financial success, however, did not satisfy him. He was looking for something more important, more creative than lucrative transactions.
In the autumn of 1953, at a British council sundowner, he met Julius Nyerere. They only exchanged a few words, but Jamal had the feeling that this was a man well worth knowing. He wrote to but received no reply. Later on Majorie Nicholson, Secretary of the Fabian Colonial Bureau (now the Fabian Common wealthy Bureau), told him to get in touch with Nyerere. To his second letter, mentioning her name, he had an apologetic answer and a meeting followed. This was the beginning of a relationship which was to develop into a close friendship.
Another man Nyerere met at this time was Fraser Murray, a barrister and an idealist who, during the war, had served with the K.A.R and lost an arm in Burma. His wife, Moira, because secretary of the Tanganyika Council of Women, founded by Lady Twining in 1953. The purpose of the T.C.W. was to bring about co-operation between Europe, Asian and African women.
European and Asia women got on well, but the gap between the European and Africa women was enormous.
Mrs. Murrays office was at the Arnautoglu Community Center, run by Denis Phombeah, a Nyasa, at that time in the thick of African affairs. His closest friends were Oscar kambona and Zuberi Mtemwu, who in 1962 was to oppose Nyerere in the presidential election. All of them were much influenced by Jimmy MacGairls, a remarkable Scot who did more for Africans in urban areas than any other European. A Community Development Officer, he started his activities in the Arnautoglu Community Center in Dar-es-salaam, on a brother-to-brother basis. News of this got around quickly and young Africans flocked to him. One of them was Rashid kawawa, who obtained his first social service job on McGairls recommendation.
Murray was much concerned about these young men, and the thoughts awakening in them. To give them an opportunity to clarify their minds, he invented them to his house. Julius Nyerere, whom he had met through his wife, was among his guests.
We had a little group which we called the oracle (Murray has told the author). Our idea was to run it on the lines of an Oxford discussion group. A nucleus of eight people formed the oracle, its mainstay being two Asians, Amir Jamal and Eddy Copper, my two oldest friends in Tanganyika. Copper, a builder, was also the oracles secretary. It was a non-racial group, including a few broadminded Europeans, such as Basil Thompson, Who had a genuine approach to people, regardless of their colour. Every Friday we used to meet in each others houses without refreshments, as these might have embarrassed the Africans who could not have afforded to return the courtesy. The hosts duty was to get some one to lead off the discussion.
On Friday the meeting was held at Amir Jamals house, and he introduced Julius, saying that he would talk on conscription. This was at the time of the Mau Mau emergency in Kenya, when security and military preparations were in everyones mind. I cannot remember all Julius said, but I remember that all of it was sensible.
Fraser Murray told his friends about Nyerere, predicting that he would become Prime Minister of Tanganyika one day. Randal Sadleir, then Assistant Secretary for Legal Affairs, asked to meet him. This was arranged to take place at the Cosy Café in Dar-es-salaam, where the three argued until 2 am. Over brandy for which Murray paid. Sadleir was greatly impressed by Nyerere.
It was a common myth that I was the power behind Julius and Tanu (Murray has said) I never gave advice. Julius knew that I supported him politically, but it was much more important for me that I was his friend. Later I did legal work for Tanu. The first big case was that of Ali Migeya, in Bukoba. He was an early again the Government chap, basically bolshy, but not a political figure. At that time Tanu was just a dirty word; it was almost seditious to talk about Tanu.
I brought Migeya before a D.C who was a friend of mine. This was the first time that Tanu defended one of its own members. Julius attached such importance to this that he met me at the airport when I returned from Bukoba. Later I tried many big Tanu cases, and defended Julius himself in 1958.
But this still lay in the future.
In the early months of 1953 an increasing number of leading Africans came to pugu to discuss affairs with Nyerere, bringing him more and more into politics. Yet he did not neglect his classes or students, although clearly the latter were bound to suffer. Some of the visitors were indignant, others sad, yet others frustrated.
Nyerere, they said, had to do this, that, or the other. The most urgent thing was to recapture T.A.A.
They insisted that the good work done by Vedast Kyaruzi and Lucia no Tsere must not be wasted. For the first, but by no means the last time, Julius gave way to pressure and in April, 1953, ran for office in T.A.A. Opposed by Abdul Sykes, the outgoing President, who at that time was much better known in Dar-es-salaam than Nyerere; his chances were less than even. Fortunately, Denis Phombeah, the returning officer, considered him the better man of the two. As manager of Amautoglu Hall, he knew many people and canvassed for Nyerere. To save both Sykes and Nyerere embarrassment, he asked them to withdraw while the voting by show of hands took place. Nyerere was elected by a small margin, thus stepping on to the first rung of the political ladder.
His friends now urged that he must turn T.A.A. into a political organization, and pointed to Harry Nkumbula, 1 who is a neighboring Northern Rhodesia had organized the National congress party.
Nyerere began to study T.A.AS constitution and the rules originally laid down by Sir Donald Cameron. In Britain, he had talked to many Ghanaians and analyzed Kwame Nkrumahs Constitution. Every day he realized more clearly that the Government would pay no attention to nationalist demands, however reasonable, unless they had the organized power of the people behind them. Only a political party would enable him to fight it out with the British. When on August 10, 1953, Twining banned civil servants from T.A.A., Nyerere wrote to protest against this:
In this Territory, the majority of educated Africans are in the civil service. Banning them from membership of political organization in the Territory. This, Your Excellency, is a serious blow to our political development. (August 10, 1953)
In Conclusion, he asked for a compromise which would enable civil servants to play some part in political organizations.
His letter was ignored. This high-handed treatment rankled.
It partly explains why Nyerere lifted the ban on civil servants joining Tanu after he had become Tanganyikas first president.
His new, young country, he believes, cannot afford to exclude a large segment of its educated population from participation in public life.
On October 10, 1953, there was a T.A.A. meeting in the little house with the beautifully carved Arab door which Sir Donald Cameron had built in New Street. Because T.A.A. was very low in funds, one of its rooms had been rented to an Asian, who was running a laundry. The other was the T.A.A. office.
In the small airless room Julius Nyerere sat on one chair at a decrepit desk, John Rupia on another chair, the Sykes brothers and Dossa Aziza perched on packing cases. Nyerere opened the meeting by saying that he had given much thought to T.A.A., but he could not transform it into a political organization. His friends were thrilled, as this meant that T.A.A. was finished and that they would now form a real political party.
There were many suggestions as to what to call it. Abdul Sykes remembered that while waiting for repatriation at kalian camp outside Bombay, they had discussed political organization and tried all sorts of names, of which he liked Tanganyika African Union best.
To Nyerere this sounded too much like Kenya African Union, and he thought that something, for instance national, should be added, calling it Tanganyika National African Union.
Ally Sykes remarked that the initials of Tanganyika National African union T.N.A.U., were A tongue-twister; but if the name were rearranged to Tanganyika African National Union, T.A.N.U. would be easy to say.
T.A.N.U.they all repeated the four initials which were to become famous in African history. T.A.N.U. Thus was the Tanganyika African National Union born.
Nyerere modeled its constitution on that of Nkrumahs Convention Peoples Party; the basic structure and much of the actual phrasing was taken over. Tanu was to fight relentlessly until Tanganyika is self-governing and independent, to build up a united nationalism; it was to fight for elections for all bodies of local and central government .to have African majorities; for small industries, training schools artisans, fair prices for consumers and producers, minimum wage and compulsory primary education. Tanu was to fight against tribalism and all isolationist tendencies amongst Africans .Against racialism and racial discrimination and federation until the demand comes from the African inhabitants of these territories.
Membership was to be open to Africans only, from the age of 18 ; trade unions and tribal associations could affiliate provided they charged their members a political levy which would be paid to Tanu.
If Tanu was to become a political party, it had to have mass support. Already in 1948 T.A.A. had 39 branches, with 1,780 members. The chances were that all would join Tanu. But without money, without a publication, without means to advertise, it seemed hopeless to build these few hundred educated Africans into a popular following.
Then came an incident which convinced the nationalists more than ever that they had to organize themselves. In Lusaka, Harry Nkumublas National Congress Party sponsored a Pan-African Congress, to which for the first time British, American and Far Eastern friends were also invited. It was a matter of prestige that, when the slogan was: Yours is the national struggle for freedom . T.A.A., Bokhe Munanka, collected a sum sufficient for his own expenses. As the British authorities would not grant Munanka a passport, in the end Ally Sykes and Denis Phombeah became Tanganyika delegates. Ally was one of the three Sykes brothers, who had served during the war in the K.A.R.; he had then found employment in a dance band in Nairobi.
In 1948 he returned to Dar-es-salaam to become a civil servant; by 1952 he was running the Dar-es-salaam employment agency, a Government concern; he was also secretary-General of T.A.G.S.A., the Tanganyika African Government Servants Association. Denis Phombeah was in the happy position of owning a motor bicycle, the only means of transport the young nationalists had.
Ally Sykes induced T.A.G.S.A to pay for the two air tickets to Lusaka; from the funds left over from kirillo Japheths trip to New York, they paid in advance for hotel accommodation in Salisbury, where they had to change aircraft and spend the night, and for their stay in Lusaka. Nothing was left to chance-or so they thought
Sykes and Phombeahs troubles began in Salisbury. They were given a form to sign which would have declared them prohibited immigrants. Both refused to put their names to these documents as they were merely in transit to Lusaka. Then they were placed under arrest at the airport, and their luggages were confiscated. Sykes suitcase contained, so he says, a cine-camera which had cost 90 pounds, the result of years of economy. He never saw it again.
Next morning, without being allowed to touch down in Lusaka, they were flown to Blantyre in Nyasaland. They had neither money, nor accommodation. An African friend, Charles Mwingeri, Wanted to put them up, but he could not do so without permission from the superintendent of locations. This official turned out to be a decent fellow, but he could not grant permission, as it was against the Africans in a white area to receive visitors in their rooms. The superintendent put his garage at the two Tanganyikas disposal; they could not wash nor could they have a change of shirts. In Zomba they approached a European lawyer, but he told him that he never took on African cases.
Even a man much less sensitive than Julius Nyerere would have been shaken by Sykes and Phombeahs experiences. Granted, such things could not happen in Tanganyika, a Trust Territory, but even there in a public place no African would be served a drink without a drink permit, and no African would be served a meal in a European restaurant. There was nothing Nyerere could do to get redress for his friends, expect go ahead and organize Tanu.
And that is what he proceeded to do, with furious determination.
Nyerere had a few small cards up his sleeve. Sent to a teachers conference in Tabora, he talked to friends and colleagues about the aims of the rejuvenated T.A.A., of which he had been elected president. He explained his political concepts and asked that they should be discussed at T.A.A. branch meetings. He also went to conferences in Dodoma and Iringa, Where he sounded T.A.A. members on his proposals for a new constitution. These were conversations among individuals, and some of those who took part developed into staunch helpers. At Dodoma, Nyerere re-met Oscar Kanyame Chiume, another Nyasa, both dedicated nationalists who taught at the Australian Church Missionary Societys secondary school.
Next he went to a conference in the Lake Province, when the headmistress of the Kasha kasha Girls School in Bukoba, a Swedish Lutheran missionary called Barbra Johansson, first heard about him. Then he paid a Visit to Bukoba, where Africans gave him a him. Then he paid a visit to Bukoba, where Africans him a warm reception. Realizing how much depended on his personal appearances; Nyerere came to see one important fact: the headquarters of T.A.A. in Dar-es-salaam had no authority. On his return he told his friends that to achieve a national position; they must concentrate on developing their organization in the capital.
Thanks to devoted spadework which followed, Tanu, when it came officially into existence, had a solid base in Dar-es-salaam. And yet there was no short cut to national publicity. Nyerere and his band of helpers wrote pamphlets, planned members drives, dreamt about advertising. As they had no funds, not even money for postage, the best they could do was to ask the railway workers to take their duplicate leaflets to the places they went to in the course of their duty, and to entrust their distribution to local sympathizers. The railway works and their contacts proved surprisingly efficient. After some months, subscription began to come in, and the nationalists saw their following grow. They decided to proceed with the registration of Tanu.
This proved a tricky matter. The registrar general found fault both with Tanus aim, some of which he regarded as bordering on sedition, and with the list of its office-bearers, which did not contain the correct name, occupation, address and tribe of each man. Although they had done their best to comply with the registration ordinance, Tanus application was turned down.
Sitting at home, Ally Sykes was thinking about Tanus difficulties. He looked through his books and came across his British Legion card. This gave him an idea. He designed a card, with two flags, one green symbolizing peace, the other black symbolizing Africans. To this day, the Tanu cards bear Ally Sykes design. In 1954 Nyerere and his friends gladly accepted it.
As Ally Sykes was Tanus treasurer, he went next day to the Tanganyika Standards to ask the printers how much they would charge for printing 5,000 cards. They demanded 50 cents (6d.) per card. Sykes beat them down to 35 cents. At this time, for Africans even that tiny sum was a great deal of money.
In addition to holding the Tanu treasurer ship, Ally Sykes was General Secretary of T.A.G.S.A.; he turned therefore to the Executive of this organization, which donated 25 pounds; from his own pocket Sykes contributed 30 pounds. The rest of the money for the party card was guaranteed by Francis Kaskaiga and Dr Michael Luguzia.
When the cards were printed, the first seven made out were: No 1- Julius Nyerere; No 2- Ally kleist Sykes; No 3- Abdul Sykes; No 4- Dossa Aziz; No 5-Denis Phombeah; No 6-Domie Ockochi; No 7- John Rupia.
Tanu could not expand, however, unless its leaders secured registration. Nyerere used every possible opportunity to visit the province, where the old T.A.A. received him growing excitement. Local people proved enthusiastic supporters and white settlers for the first time heard about Tanu men going from mud hut to mud hut telling people to educate themselves and prepare for the day when they will be running their own country.
On July 7, 1954, T.A.A. had its Annual General Meeting in Dar-es-Salaam. On this occasion Julius Nyerere and his friends took a historic decision. Regardless of registration difficulties, they announced the transformation of T.A.A. into the Tanganyika African National Union, the first African political organization in their countrys history.
Nyerere was unanimously elected president, though he lay it down that both he and the members of the National Executive should be subject to re-election by the Annual Delegates conference. The National Executive was to meet quarterly, but in view of communications difficulties, there was to be an Executive Center Committee, Consisting of the president and nine members, all residing in Dar-es-salaam. Denis Phombeah was elected its first secretary; it was to meet weekly and have full responsibility in the event of an emergency.
Thus was Tanu officially born and thus did Julius Nyerere become leader of his own political party. He was thirty-two year old.
Since Independence, the seventh day of the seventh month, is a national holiday in Tanganyika.
T.A.N.U. Begins to Grow
TANUS National Executive held its first meeting in August, 1954. There was only one item on the agenda: to draft a memorandum for submission to the members of the U.N. Visiting mission, due to arrive in Dar-es-salaam in September. Chairmen of all provincial Tanu-formality T.A.A. - Branches were present each accompanied by two of their local representative. Julius Nyerere presided and members of the Dar-es-salaam Executive acted as hosts.
This gathering of young nationalists framed what amounted to the first Tanu programmer. It embodied an eloquent plea for the eradication of ignorance and poverty. It declared the financial assistance received from Britain inadequate, and asked for U.N. educational and economic aid. It insisted on immediate democratic elections at least in Dar-es-salaam; it would only accept the three races on Legco as a necessary expedient for three years, and proclaimed the goal of a democratic African country. Finally, it was resolved that all wages and salaries should be frozen and all funds be used to raise the tragically low living standard of the African masses.
The Tanganyika standard, so often at this time a reflection of Government opinion, Characterized the resolutions as not a nice document, being completely anti-Government and biased in the extreme (September 13, 1954).
At least one member of the National Executive was worried by the proposal for the freezing of all salaries and wages. It was Andrew Tibandebage, Nyereres old friend from Makerere and Tabora, by then teaching at karagwe and provincial chairman of Tanu in the western province.
He knew that educated Tanganyikas, who hoped to get on in life, would resent a resolution which prevented them from improving their standard of living. Because of it, they might ignore all the other constructive demands. As for the British, Tibandebage had no doubt that they would exploit it to do maximum damage to Tanu. Deeply concern he decided to take a hand in flat contradiction of the policy of Nyerere, who had approved the idealistic resolution about wages and salaries.
He and Japheth were staying with Nyerere at Pugu. Andrew Tibandebage brooded uneasily on how he should tell Nyerere that the salary and wage freezing decision would not be reported in Tanganyika standard, and therefore could not figure in the Legco debate .
We forgot to mention it, he said lamely over dinner, hardly daring to look at Nyerere, who stopped eating, stared at him for some time, then without saying one word, left the room.
Neither man slept that night. Nyerere never asked Tibandebage how it was possible for such an important resolution to have been forgotten; for his part, Tibandebage never raised the matter either, hoping that Nyerere would understand his motive and forgive his insubordinate action. It is typical of both men that they did not face up to the event, which they must have known would affect their friendship. They just quietly drifted apart.
As Tibandebage was teaching in a mission school, the Ordinance banning civil servants from political activities did not affect him. Yet owing to the change of his relations with Nyerere he decided to turn his back on politics and to devote his entire time to earning a living for his large family. At the moment of writing he is educating 8 children and is Tanganyikas Ambassador in Leopoldville.
It was encouraging to have held a National Executive meeting one month after the official foundation of Tanu. But with Nyereres time taken up with teaching and no funds available, nothing had been done about enrolling a massive membership and preparing the documents required for Tanus registration. That is when Oscar Kambona appeared on the scene.
The Son of a Nyanja Anglican priest of Nyasaland, he was a strange mixture of intelligence, enterprise and diffidence. After his father had settled in Tanganyika, he went to primary school under the proverbial mango tree at Kwambe, near Songea; then on to U.M.C.A.S Liuli Mission school for a teachers training course in Swahili. As he also wanted to learn English and to obtain a good education, and as all local secondary schools were overcrowded, he enrolled himself at the new secondary school the Australian church Missionary society had just opened in Dodoma. Young Kambona relied on a light-hearted promise of the Bishop of Nyasaland, the Rt Rev Frank O. Thorne, to pay his tuition fee. Somewhat annoyed to have his hand forced, Bishop Thorne did nonetheless enable Kambona to go on with his studies, paying 15 pounds a year, for three years running. In 1945 Kambona passed the entrance examination to Tabora Government School and obtained a complete remission of fees.
There he arrived with his hair so long that it stood out around his head like a crinkly mane of a black Strudel Peter. It achieved what must have been young Kambonas intention-to be noticed.
The headmaster sent for him, and ordered him to return next morning at 10, having had his hair cut.
Job Lusinde, a fellow pupil from Dodoma, dealt with his hirsute mop. Mr. Blumer passed the results and advised Oscar to have his hair cut every fortnight. This he has done ever since. About Blumer he has told the author: He was a tough man but very fair. I owe him a great deal, for he gave me self-confidence. In some ways, he has made me what I am.
In 1948, Kambona left Tabora for St Pauls Teacher training college; two years later he went from there to teach at his old school in Dodoma. By then his main interest lay in politics, which Kanyame Chiume, a friend and Nyasa fellow teacher, shared with him. Their pupils heard a good deal about the misdeed of the colonial Administration-real or imaginary: too few teachers and not the right teachers, who would teach their pupils patriotism and pride in the country. Kambone and Chiume enlarged upon the luck of proper health institutions with thousands of people suffering from eye trouble, many of them going blind and the British doing nothing about it. Much was said of malnutrition all over the country, a rich agricultural land, where there should be enough for all, yet as long as the colonial government was in power, there never would be.
One afternoon, in August, 1954, a small boy put up his hand and asked: Sir, youve told us whats wrong with our country.
Why dont you do something about it?
Oscar Kambona felt as though someone had hit him. The child had voiced the thought which had been pricking his conscience for quiet a while. He was talking instead of acting. Since his recent meeting with Julius Nyerere at the Dodoma teachers conference, he had been on the point of resigning more than once. The rejuvenated T.A.A., now transformed into Tanu, need help. Of course it meant throwing away his career. The little boys question made up his mind.
Oscar Kambona reached Dar-es-salaam by goods train, for he could not afford to buy a ticket on a passenger train. From the railway station he went to a friends house, and was promised hospitality for three months. Then he was off to Pugu, where Julius Nyerere invited him to his home and where they had a long talk.
Oscar Kambona offered his services to Tanu.
Nyerere told him sadly that he could not possibly employ him, as Tanu had no money. To this Kambona retorted that Tanu had no money because it had no organizer. Let him be Tanu organizer, and there would be funds.
Nyerere was skeptical; nevertheless he agreed to appoint Oscar Kambona as Tanus Organizing secretary. The Lid bury Commission had awarded civil servants salary increases retroactively from 1948 onwards; and although he had resigned his post as a teacher, a lump sum was due to Kambona for the intervening six years. On this he proposed to live until Tanu had sufficient funds to pay him a salary.
At Tanu headquarters in New Street, Kambona worked out his plan of campaign. He was going to visit chiefs and elders, the men with real influence in the country, and tell them of Tanus aims and hopes.
Wanafik wanauliza kwa nini Oscar Kambona hayumo katika orodha ya waasisi wa TANU. Soma hapa chini na pamoja na mengine utaelewa kwa nini:
Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wamisheni, waislamu, wahindu, mapagan n.k. Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wazungu, wakenya, wanyasa, watanganyika weusi, wahindi n.k. Mawakili waliotetea wapiganaji hawa walikuwepo wajamaica, wazungu n.k. Wengi wa hawa hawakutaka kitu kingine bali tanganyika iwe huru. Wengi katika hawa walifariki katika mazingira ambayo kwa mtazamo wetu wa leo wa kutaka kibahasha kwa kulitumikia taifa lako, tunaona hawakustahili. Lakini kitu kimoja ambacho hatutakisahau na bila shaka kiliwafariji ni kuwa juhudi zao, jasho lao, michango yao na wengine hata damu zao zilipelekea nchi hii waliyoipenda kwa dhati ilikuwa huru. Tofauti na Mohamed Said anavyotaka tuelewe, sidhani kama kuna hata mmoja wao ambae aliona kuwa alipoteza muda na kujutia alichokifanya. Kuwakumbuka kwa maandishi si hoja. Kuwepo kwa taifa letu ni mafanikio tosha.
Leo hii mtu kusimama na kudai kuwa uhuru wetu umeletwa na kikundi cha waislamu waliokuwa wakiishi Gerezani ni kututakana wote na hata hao anaojifanya kuwaenzi.
Amandla.........
Article pekee inayomzungumzia Peter Colmore katika kitabu cha Mwaikakagile ni hiyo ambayo inamzungumzia katika first person narrative na mtu anayejiita Ally Sykes. Mwaikakagile amesema ameitoa katika gazeti la East African la tarehe fulani. Wewe ukadai kuwa hiyo obituary uliiandika wewe. Na ukaenda mbali zaidi ukituambia kuwa ulipongezwa na mhariri wa gazeti hilo kwa jinsi ulivyomjua marehemu. Nimekuwekea ushahidi kuwa hiyo obituary iliandikwa kweli na Ally Sykes na siyo kuwa mwandishi mwingine aliandika kwa niaba yake. Sasa unataka kutuambia kuwa uliandika wewe na gazeti la East African likam-credit Ally Sykes kimakosa? na kuwa hata huyo mhariri aliyekusifia alifanya hivyo hata baada ya ku-credit makala kukunyang'anya stahili yako na kumpa Ally Sykes! Lakini kwa vile hautaki kushindwa unajiwekea njia ya kutokea kwa kudai kuwa makala hiyo ( ipi?) si uliyotaarifiwa na rafiki zako kuwa imenakiliwa bila kuku-credit ambalo ni kosa kubwa katika uandishi.
Mtu mkweli angekata mzizi wa fitna kwa kusema makala unayozungumzia ni ile iliyokuwa kwenye appendix kadhaa na tanzia uliyoibiwa ilitoka kwenye gazeti la East African la tarehe kadhaa. Nje ya hivyo, unadhidi kututhibitishia kuwa ni msanii asie na hoja.
Article aliyoitumia Mwaikakagile hii hapa:
Na ukisoma appendix husika ya kitabu chake imeanza hivi hivi! Ndio maana nilisema kuwa kama ni kweli wewe ndie mwandishi, wa kuwalaumu ni The East African na mzee wako Ally Sykes na sio Mwaikakagile.
Unayekosa utulivu wa fikra ni wewe. Jibu hoja na sio ku-grandstand kwa ajili ya echo chambers wako. Sisi wengine bado haujatu-impress.
Amandla.......
hapa ni picha,na nyerere alimtaja tu kama katibu na sio mmoja wa watu waliostahiki kuingia katika kumbukumbu muhimu za mashujaa waliokuwa mbele katika kuhakikisha uhuru wa tanganyika, na hasa hiki ndicho kaelezea mohamed said katoka kitabu chake, kwamba watu hawa pamoja na kutoa kila kitu choa kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha uhuru unapatikana lkn hawpo katika kumbukumbu na badala yake anaonekana mtu mmoja tu ndiye alileta uhuru.
nyerere was ahead of his time,ndio maana it was easy to shrug off wazee wa dar-because of him,wewe zomba badala ya kucheza bao una thump keyboard
As president of Tanzania from 1961 to 1985--and even afterwards--Nyerere continued to challenge the church until his demise in 1999. He often had the opportunity of speaking to church leaders and the laity and told them that the church had to serve the whole person, mentally, spiritually, and physically. Furthermore, he said that church had to serve people beyond the church. For instance, schools, hospitals, and income generating projects would not only benefit churches and Christians but also non-believers. This was a means of witnessing the Word of God to unbelievers
Uthibitisho wa Njama Dhidi ya Uislam
Hivi sasa kuna vitabu viwili vilivyoandikwa na Wakristo wenyewe vinavyothibitisha kuwa Wakristo wametumia nyadhifa zao katika serikali kuuhujumu Uislam na Waislam. Jan P van Bergen katika kitabu chake, Development and Religion in Tanzania, (1981) [87] ametoboa siri kuhusu uadui aliokuwa nao Nyerere dhidi ya Uislam na Waislam. Kitabu kinaeleza kwa ufasaha jinsi Nyerere wakati alipokuwa madarakani alivyokuwa akifanya mikutano ya siri na viongozi wa Kanisa kuweka mikakati ya kuupa nguvu Ukristo. Katika mikutano hiyo Nyerere aliwahakikishia viongozi wa Kanisa kuwa anaaunga mkono Ukristo. Kitabu hicho kinaeleza jinsi Nyerere alivyotimiza ahadi yake hiyo kwa Kanisa kwa kuhakikisha kuwa anawapa Wakristo nafasi za juu katika serikali na chama. Kitabu hiki kilikuwa kinauzwa Catholic Bookshop, Dar es Salaam. Lakini ilipokuja kudhihirikia Kanisa kuwa kitabu hiki kilikuwa kinatoa habari nyeti na siri za Kanisa kuhusu njama dhidi ya Waislam, kwa haraka sana kikaacha kuuzwa. [88] Hadi hivi sasa kitabu hicho ni marufuku kuletwa tena Tanzania.
Kitabu cha pili ni cha Dr John C. Sivalon, Kanisa Katoliki na Siasa ya Tanzania Bara 1953 Hadi 1985 (1992). [89] Kitabu hiki kinaeleza njama ndani ya serikali kuuhujumu Uislam. Sivalon anafichua kuwa kuanzia mwaka 1961 baada ya Tanganyika kupata uhuru, Kanisa lilikuwa na hofu mbili. Hofu ya kwanza ilikuwa umoja wa madhehebu za Kiislam kati ya Sunni, Bohora, Ismailia na Ithnasheri. Hofu ya pili ilikuwa kuhamishwa kwa makao makuu ya EAMWS kutoka Mombasa kuja Dar es Salaam. Kanisa lilikuwa linahofu kuwa mali walizokuwanazo Waasia Waislam zikitiwa katika harakati za Waislam ambao walikuwa na nguvu kubwa katika uwanja wa siasa zitaathiri maslahi ya Ukristo katika Afrika ya Mashariki. Kwa ajili hii Kanisa likatanganza kuwa Uislam ni adui wake na ikaanza mikakati ya hujma dhidi ya Uislam ili kuudhoofisha.
Wanafik wanauliza kwa nini Oscar Kambona hayumo katika orodha ya waasisi wa TANU. Soma hapa chini na pamoja na mengine utaelewa kwa nini:
Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wamisheni, waislamu, wahindu, mapagan n.k. Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wazungu, wakenya, wanyasa, watanganyika weusi, wahindi n.k. Mawakili waliotetea wapiganaji hawa walikuwepo wajamaica, wazungu n.k. Wengi wa hawa hawakutaka kitu kingine bali tanganyika iwe huru. Wengi katika hawa walifariki katika mazingira ambayo kwa mtazamo wetu wa leo wa kutaka kibahasha kwa kulitumikia taifa lako, tunaona hawakustahili. Lakini kitu kimoja ambacho hatutakisahau na bila shaka kiliwafariji ni kuwa juhudi zao, jasho lao, michango yao na wengine hata damu zao zilipelekea nchi hii waliyoipenda kwa dhati ilikuwa huru. Tofauti na Mohamed Said anavyotaka tuelewe, sidhani kama kuna hata mmoja wao ambae aliona kuwa alipoteza muda na kujutia alichokifanya. Kuwakumbuka kwa maandishi si hoja. Kuwepo kwa taifa letu ni mafanikio tosha.
Leo hii mtu kusimama na kudai kuwa uhuru wetu umeletwa na kikundi cha waislamu waliokuwa wakiishi Gerezani ni kututakana wote na hata hao anaojifanya kuwaenzi.
Amandla.........
Mimi sizungumzii ya Mohamed Said. Nazungumzia ya huyo mwenzako kuhusu yule mtoto wa kike wa kiislam(very bright) aliyenyimwa nafasi ya kwenda form 1 kwa sababu ni muislam. Nikauliza mlipewa ushahidi au mnameza tu ngano za ustaadhi ilunga? jina lake ni nani? jina la huyu mkristu aliyechukua nafasi yake ni nani? Kama ilunga ana ushahidi si auweke hadharani watu tufatilie tuwasaidie kuondoa hii dhulma kama kweli ipo?
Ila ukitumia common sense utajua hizo zote ni porojo tu zenye lengo la kuwachota akili watu wasiotaka kutumia hata chembe moja ya akili zao.
hapa ni picha,na nyerere alimtaja tu kama katibu na sio mmoja wa watu waliostahiki kuingia katika kumbukumbu muhimu za mashujaa waliokuwa mbele katika kuhakikisha uhuru wa tanganyika, na hasa hiki ndicho kaelezea mohamed said katoka kitabu chake, kwamba watu hawa pamoja na kutoa kila kitu choa kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha uhuru unapatikana lkn hawpo katika kumbukumbu na badala yake anaonekana mtu mmoja tu ndiye alileta uhuru.
Wanafik wanauliza kwa nini Oscar Kambona hayumo katika orodha ya waasisi wa TANU. Soma hapa chini na pamoja na mengine utaelewa kwa nini:
Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wamisheni, waislamu, wahindu, mapagan n.k. Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wazungu, wakenya, wanyasa, watanganyika weusi, wahindi n.k. Mawakili waliotetea wapiganaji hawa walikuwepo wajamaica, wazungu n.k. Wengi wa hawa hawakutaka kitu kingine bali tanganyika iwe huru. Wengi katika hawa walifariki katika mazingira ambayo kwa mtazamo wetu wa leo wa kutaka kibahasha kwa kulitumikia taifa lako, tunaona hawakustahili. Lakini kitu kimoja ambacho hatutakisahau na bila shaka kiliwafariji ni kuwa juhudi zao, jasho lao, michango yao na wengine hata damu zao zilipelekea nchi hii waliyoipenda kwa dhati ilikuwa huru. Tofauti na Mohamed Said anavyotaka tuelewe, sidhani kama kuna hata mmoja wao ambae aliona kuwa alipoteza muda na kujutia alichokifanya. Kuwakumbuka kwa maandishi si hoja. Kuwepo kwa taifa letu ni mafanikio tosha.
Leo hii mtu kusimama na kudai kuwa uhuru wetu umeletwa na kikundi cha waislamu waliokuwa wakiishi Gerezani ni kututakana wote na hata hao anaojifanya kuwaenzi.
Amandla.........
Wanafik wanauliza kwa nini Oscar Kambona hayumo katika orodha ya waasisi wa TANU. Soma hapa chini na pamoja na mengine utaelewa kwa nini:
Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wamisheni, waislamu, wahindu, mapagan n.k. Uhuru wetu ulipiganiwa na wazungu, wakenya, wanyasa, watanganyika weusi, wahindi n.k. Mawakili waliotetea wapiganaji hawa walikuwepo wajamaica, wazungu n.k. Wengi wa hawa hawakutaka kitu kingine bali tanganyika iwe huru. Wengi katika hawa walifariki katika mazingira ambayo kwa mtazamo wetu wa leo wa kutaka kibahasha kwa kulitumikia taifa lako, tunaona hawakustahili. Lakini kitu kimoja ambacho hatutakisahau na bila shaka kiliwafariji ni kuwa juhudi zao, jasho lao, michango yao na wengine hata damu zao zilipelekea nchi hii waliyoipenda kwa dhati ilikuwa huru. Tofauti na Mohamed Said anavyotaka tuelewe, sidhani kama kuna hata mmoja wao ambae aliona kuwa alipoteza muda na kujutia alichokifanya. Kuwakumbuka kwa maandishi si hoja. Kuwepo kwa taifa letu ni mafanikio tosha.
Leo hii mtu kusimama na kudai kuwa uhuru wetu umeletwa na kikundi cha waislamu waliokuwa wakiishi Gerezani ni kututakana wote na hata hao anaojifanya kuwaenzi.
Amandla.........
Kimsingi mimi na wengine tunaozipinga ngano zako kuzihalalisha kuwa histori ya watanganyika hatuna shida ya video au audio ya hotuba hiyo ya Mtakafu Julius Nyerere,Vipi clip ya hotuba?
Hiyo ndiye msema kweli.
Imeshindikana kupatikana?