Labda nikusaidie kitu kimoja, ili tusiende in a vicious cycle.1. Mfano wako hauna uhalisia. Baba yangu na mama yangu wote ni waafrika, wabantu tena kabila moja (same specie, same genus). Kwahiyo hapo hakuna crossbreeding, hakuna genetic modification sababu wana sifa za kufanana. Nilikupa mfano wa mzungu na muafrika, wakizaa mtoto atakua chotara mwenye genes za kizungu na kiafrika. Huyu chotara anakua na baadhi ya sifa tofauti na wazazi wake sababu yeye amebeba genetic mixture ya mzungu na mwafrika. Tayari hii ni genetic modification, na huyo mtoto chotara ndio hybrid yenyewe.
Mzungu na mwafrika wote tuko specie moja, ila tuna baadhi ya sifa tofauti. Ndio maana nilisema hybridization ni kwa viumbe wenye baadhi ya sifa za kufanana (close related species or genus), na sio viumbe wanaofanana moja kwa moja (identical).
Kwahiyo mfano wako kuhusu wazazi wangu hauna mantiki!
2. Sijaelewa ni kipi unapinga na kipi unakubali. Yani mtu achukue shahawa za muafrika, arutubishe yai la mchina kwenye test tube ndani ya maabara alafu apandikize kwa surrogate mother, kwako hii sio genetic modification?
Mkuu, ovum (yai la kike) ina central nucleus ambayo ndiyo inabeba genetic material ya mwanamke. Hizi genetic materials za mwanamke zinapoungana na genetic materials za mwanaume zilizoko kwenye sperm, ndio zinaamua inherited characteristics of the offspring!
Sasa kama original parents, mmoja ni mchina na mwingine muafrika, na mtoto anaezaliwa ni chotara, maana yake ni kwamba amebeba genetic mixture ya mchina na muafrika. Hii ndio genetic modification yenyewe!
Ingekua kwamba mchina na muafrika wanazaa mtoto either mchina pure kama mama yake, au muafrika pure kama baba yake badala ya mtoto chotara, basi hapo kusingekua na genetic modification. Sababu outcome (mtoto) haina tofauti na moja kati ya original breeds (wazazi).
In short, ukiweza kufanya chochote kile kwenye genes za original breeds, then ukapata another breed mwenye genes tofauti na zile za original breeds, tayari unakua umefanya genetic modification. Haijalishi umeifanya naturally, au maabara!
Mbona hybridisation ya farasi na punda haileti fertile offsping? Au unataka kusema ile siyo hybridisation?. Unatakiwa kuelewa general principle ya GM, vinginevyo utaiona kama ni dubwasha la kutisha sana.Labda nikusaidie kitu kimoja, ili tusiende in a vicious cycle.
Tofauti kuu ni hii:-
Hybridization hutumia ‘Fertilization’ inayoleta fertile offspring, na haihusishi ‘GENE SPLICING’, bali ‘Genetic Modification’ huusisha ‘GENE SPLICING’ na ‘GENE STITCHING’, then fertilization ndio hufuata baadae.
Nadhani sasa unaweza kutofautisha kwa urahisi sana process ya ‘hybridization’ na ‘Genetic Modification’ in a clear cut manner.
Hebu kwanza mkuu, nipe tafsiri yako ya "Genetic modification"Labda nikusaidie kitu kimoja, ili tusiende in a vicious cycle.
Tofauti kuu ni hii:-
Hybridization hutumia ‘Fertilization’ inayoleta fertile offspring, na haihusishi ‘GENE SPLICING’, bali ‘Genetic Modification’ huusisha ‘GENE SPLICING’ na ‘GENE STITCHING’, then fertilization ndio hufuata baadae.
Nadhani sasa unaweza kutofautisha kwa urahisi sana process ya ‘hybridization’ na ‘Genetic Modification’ in a clear cut manner.
Fertile offspring endapo ni aina moja ya species, ila kama species ni tofauti ila close enough, lets say genus moja na fertilization ikafanikiwa then obviously offspring hawatakuwa fertile, ila most importantly hakuna gene splicing na gene stitching inayofanyika kwa parent cells kabla ya hiyo fertilization, kama ilivyo kwa genetic modification.Mbona hybridisation ya farasi na punda haileti fertile offsping? Au unataka kusema ile siyo hybridisation?. Unatakiwa kuelewa general principle ya GM, vinginevyo utaiona kama ni dubwasha la kutisha sana.
Kwanza natumai unaelewa maana ya neneo ‘CONTEXT’.Hebu kwanza mkuu, nipe tafsiri yako ya "Genetic modification"
Nadhani itatusaidia kwenye mjadala wetu!
Safi sana Profesa! Siyo kila teknolojia mpya ni kuiga tuu kama tulivyozoea. Hawa wazungu wako kwenye business kutawala soko letu la pembejeo na mazao kwa jumla.Waziri wa Kilimo, Prof. Adolf Mkenda ameagiza kusitishwa kwa shughuli za majaribio ya mbegu za (Genetically Modified Organisms) GMO ili kulinda rasilimali na mbegu za ndani
Ameonesha wasiwasi juu ya athari za GMO ambazo zikiruhusiwa zinaweza kulazimisha wakulima wawe tegemezi wa mbegu za kutoka nje ya nchi na kufanya soko kutawaliwa na makampuni makubwa ya nje ya mbegu
Ameagiza mbegu zote zinazoingia nchini zifanyiwe vipimo katika Kituo cha Utafiti wa Kilimo Tanzania(TARI) kilichopo Mikocheni kabla ya kuingizwa sokoni
Nchi itafanya tafiti za Kilimo ambazo zitaboresha mbegu za mazao na kuongeza uzalishaji kwa njia za kawaida na sio mbegu za GMO.
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THE government has from today suspended Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) research trials in the country and imposed exhaustive scrutiny on imported seeds to ward off scientifically engineered versions.
Agriculture minister Prof Adolf Mkenda made the announcement on Tuesday afternoon at the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Mikocheni centre in Dar es Salaam, saying the decision has been made to conserve genetic resources of the country and local seed varieties.
This implies that the drought-tolerant GMO maize trial that has been ongoing at the Makutupora Research Centre in Dodoma and another for cassava at TARI Mikocheni halt operations forthwith. The maize project sought to tackle periodic infestation of fall armyworm while the cassava trial was meant to end diseases such as the brown streak virus.
The minister raised concerns over the negative impact of GMO on farmers, saying that if the nation lets free entrance of foreign seeds, “there will be seed market dominance by a few agricultural companies with local farmers forced to buy from them every year hence creating seed dependence.”
He therefore directed that from today all imported seeds must undergo effective screening at molecular biology laboratory at TARI-Mikocheni, a lab that is mandated to carry out tests before such seeds enter the market, as it has a molecular biology lab, a diseases diagnostic lab and a tissue culture lab.
“As of now, this is the government position. We shall conduct other types of agriculture research activities to improve our seeds and increase yield and productivity through conventional methods but not GMO research,” he elaborated.
Underlining the government’s acute positioning on the issue, he pointedly tasked the media to spread the word, “as it is listening. We have big task to protect our seed sovereignty and so far we are doing well. If there are some imported seeds in the market that have not undergone testing, make sure that I get the report,” he directed the TARI leadership.
After assessing the centre’s capability, he said the process must start quickly to equip the centre with modern infrastructures and needed reagents so that it can efficiently conduct the screening exercise for good results.
“Today I have two samples of imported cotton and sunflower on my table. I want them to be tested to see whether they are GMO or not but the centre has no capacity to do this. We can’t go on this way. Make sure you improve performance of the centre by building capacity,” the minister intoned.
He also stressed the need for TARI-Mikocheni to network with similar testing institutions and labs in the testing and screening exercise on samples of imported seeds.
“I also direct you to go around and assess the capacity of molecular biology laboratories in other institutions and see if they have the capacity to test imported seeds,” he pursued, noting that transformation of agriculture will be brought about by science, technology and innovation
Source: ippmedia
Mtu akipiga kitu marufuku maana yake nini? Maana yake kipo tayari ila kwa sasa anakipiga marufuku, au we umeelewaje labda?hizi mbegu mbona watu wameshaanza kutumia muda tu
kule kilimanjaro ukikuta ni msimu wa kupanda mahindi kila mtu ana mifuko ya mosanto
Nimeielewa definition yako kuhusu "genetic modification". And yes, hapa context yetu ni biological science or biotechnology to be precise.Kwanza natumai unaelewa maana ya neneo ‘CONTEXT’.
Genetic Modification katika CONTEXT ya biological Science ambayo ndio tunaizungumzia hapa, ni kitendo cha kubadilisha gene sequence ya parent cells kabla ya kuzirutubisha ili kutengeneza offspring. Mfano tunachukuwa kinasaba cha mbwa kinachohusiana na kunusa, tunakikata toka kwenye cell ya mbwa, then tunaenda kukishonea kwenye parent cell lets say ya samaki, ili tukisharutubisha hilo yai la samaki, wazaliwe samaki wenye uwezo wa kunusa kama mbwa, huo ni mfano tu. Sasa sielewi unachobisha hapa ni nini hasa
Ndugu yangu, kwenye hybridization, hakuna alteration kwenye genetic make up ya parent organisms na pia hakuna alteration inayofanyika kwenye genetic make up ya Offspring, sasa utasemaje hybrids ni product ya genetic Modification? Otherwise hata Mzungu akizaa na Mwafrika itabidi tuseme huyo mtoto ni product ya genetic Modification kitu ambacho si kweli, genome mzungu haijawa altered, Genome ya Mwafrika haijawa altered, na genome ya chotara anaezaliwa haiwi altred in anyway, ni yake huyo offspring kama alivyorithi toka kwa wazazi wake, sasa Genetic Modification inatoka wapi katika Hybridisation, your arguement is a near Fallacy!Nimeielewa definition yako kuhusu "genetic modification". And yes, hapa context yetu ni biological science or biotechnology to be precise.
Definition yako haitofautiani sana na ya kwangu. Genetic modification is the process of altering the genetic make up of an organism.
Sasa naomba nikukumbushe hoja yangu ya msingi unayoipinga wewe. Mimi nimesema kua, GMO na hybridization zote zinahusisha genetic modification, ila zinatofautiana kwenye " means" of carrying out the whole process of modification.
Nikasema hybridization inafanyika naturally through human assistance. Kama kupandisha punda na farasi au cross pollination ya mimea. Nikasema GMO yenyewe ni zao la genetic engineering. Kwamba hufanyika maabara ambapo wataalam hutumia vifaa na teknolojia in manipulation of organism's genoma.
Kwahiyo hoja yangu ya msingi ni kwamba, hybrids na GMOs zote ni products za genetic modification. Ila tu, moja imetengenezwa naturally by human assistance, wakati nyingine imetengenezwa maabara through genetic engineering.
I rest my case!
Uliza ueleweshwe ulichokianda very wrongKitu kingine ni kuwa kiafya haya mazao hayana shida yoyote, labda yawe modified kutengeneza sumu. Hata kiasili genetic modification huwa zinafanyika. Mahindi tunayolima leo siyo yaliyokuwa yanalimwa miaka 1000 au 2000 iliyopita. Pole kwa pole yanabadilika.
Hata wakulima wenyewe wa kienyeji hufanya hii kitu. Unapokula mahindi madogomadogo na kuweka makubwa kuwa mbegu ujue unafanya genetic modification, baada ya miaka kadhaa utakuwa na mahindi makubwa tu. Kinachofanyika huko maabara ni kuharakisha tu.
Usisikilize story za vijiweniUliza ueleweshwe ulichokianda very wrong
Hacha upotoshajiMbegu za GMO ni Jipu sio tu kwa jili ya kulinda mbegu za ndani bali ni chanzo cha kansa.
Nazani wengi wana shida ya uelewa ktk hili LA GMOHatua ya kupongezwa sana hii.
Tena kwa kuongezea tu kuna hizi mbegu za mahindi ya njano maarufu kwa jina la CP hizi mbegu nahisi ndio moja ya hizo genetically modified maana punje yake ya mbegu huwa ni ndogo lakini ukipanda unavuna mahindi makubwa (zile grains zinakua kubwa tu kawaida) lakini pia ukizirudia kupanda basi jua mavuno huwa ni hafifu mno
Kama issue ni uhitaji wa mahindi ya njano, tuna mbegu zetu za asili za mahindi ya njano na zinazaa vizuri sana tu.
Hizi mbegu za asili zikiondoka kabisa kwenye mzunguko ndio tutajua rangi halisi ya mabeberu.
Haya, tueleweshe, niko hapa kuwanyoosha mmoja baada ya mwingine, twende kaziNazani wengi wana shida ya uelewa ktk hili LA GMO
Hacha upotoshaji
Mkuu, hili swali nimelijibu kwenye post zangu za zilizotangulia huko juu.Ndugu yangu, kwenye hybridization, hakuna alteration kwenye genetic make up ya parent organisms na pia hakuna alteration inayofanyika kwenye genetic make up ya Offspring, sasa utasemaje hybrids ni product ya genetic Modification? Otherwise hata Mzungu akizaa na Mwafrika itabidi tuseme huyo mtoto ni product ya genetic Modification kitu ambacho si kweli, genome mzungu haijawa altered, Genome ya Mwafrika haijawa altered, na genome ya chotara anaezaliwa haiwi altred in anyway, ni yake huyo offspring kama alivyorithi toka kwa wazazi wake, sasa Genetic Modification inatoka wapi katika Hybridisation, your arguement is a near Fallacy!
Labda nikuulize hili; Genetic Modification unayodai inatokea kwenye hybridisation huwa inafanywa kwa nani..
1.) Kwa baba (mfano mzungu)? Au
2.) Kwa mama (Mfano Mwafrika)? Au
3.) Kwa mtoto (in this case chotara)
Ni organism yupi kati ya hao watatu anaefanyiwa alteration kwenye Genetic make up yake?
1.)Obviously sio baba mzungu, maana ameingiza shahawa zake kama zilivyo
2.) Obviously sio Mama muAfrika, maana amerutubishiwa yai lake kama likivyo.
3.) Sasa je ni mtoto? Genetic Sequence ya huyu mtoto kabla ya alteration ilikuwa ni ipi hadi useme kwamba hii aliyonayo sasa baada ya kuzaliwa ndio product ya alteration? Maana huyu organism (Chotara) hakuexist kabla, maana yake hakuwa na genetic make up kabla, ila ameexist baada ya kuwa fertilezed, na at that instant ndio gentic makeup ya huyu organism ikaundwa, na ndio imebaki hivyo hadi amezaliwa, unaltered!
Sasa Genetic Modification iko wapi hapa??!! Ukizingatia umesema wewe mwenyewe kwamba “Genetic modification ni the alteration ya genetic make up of an organism”
Mkuu achana na huyu jamaa, haelewi lakini hataki kujifunza ila anataka ligi. Utajichosha bure.Mkuu, hili swali nimelijibu kwenye post zangu za zilizotangulia huko juu.
Anyway nitarudia tena kwa mara ya mwisho. Nikijikita kwenye mfano wako wa mtoto chotara wa wazazi wa kiafrika ma wa kizungu.
Yai la kike (ovum), lina central nucleus ambayo inabeba genetic makeup za mama. Hili yai la kike (ovum) linaporutubishwa na mbegu ya kiume ambayo pia imebeba genetic make up ya baba, ndio huamua characteristics of the offspring. Sasa kama baba ni muafrika, na mama ni mzungu, basi genetic modification hufanyika wakati wa fertilization. Ni wakati huu ndio genoma ya mama, na genoma ya baba zinakua naturally manipulated kumtengeneza mtoto ambae ni chotara.
Kusingekua na genetic modification hapa, basi mtoto asingekua chotara. Ni either angekua muafrika pure kama baba yake, au mzungu pure kama mama yake.
Hii process inafanyika naturally, ndio maana hakuna specific selection of traits from the original organisms (wazazi). Ila ingekua ni GMO, basi hapa wataalam wangechagua specific traits wanazozitaka kwa huyu offsprings, kama rangi ya ngozi au aina ya nywele.
Kua na usiku mwema!