Technology ya ndege ni ngumu Sana. Mataifa mengi duniani Yameshindwa kuunda ndege.
Mataifa kama Japan, Korea, Russia, UK tulitegemea wangekuwa wanatengeneza ndege lakini wapi
Concorde (
/ˈkɒŋkɔːrd/) is a retired Anglo-French
supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by
Sud Aviation (later
Aérospatiale) and the
British Aircraft Corporation (BAC). Studies started in 1954, and France and the United Kingdom signed a
treaty establishing the development project on 29 November 1962, as the programme cost was estimated at £70 million (£1.68 billion in 2023). Construction of the six
prototypes began in February 1965, and the
first flight took off from
Toulouse on 2 March 1969. The
market was predicted for 350 aircraft, and the manufacturers received up to 100 option orders from many major
airlines. On 9 October 1975, it received its French
Certificate of Airworthiness, and from the
UK CAA on 5 December.
[4]
Concorde is a
tailless aircraft design with a narrow
fuselage permitting 4-abreast seating for 92 to 128 passengers, an
ogival delta wing and a
droop nose for landing visibility. It is powered by four
Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 turbojets with variable engine
intake ramps, and
reheat for take-off and acceleration to supersonic speed. Constructed out of
aluminium, it was the first airliner to have analogue
fly-by-wire flight controls. The airliner had transatlantic range while
supercruising at twice the speed of sound for 75% of the distance.[5]
Delays and
cost overruns increased the programme cost to £1.5–2.1 billion in 1976, (£11–16 billion in 2023). Concorde entered service on 21 January 1976 with
Air France from
Paris-Roissy and
British Airways from
London Heathrow.
Transatlantic flights were the main market, to
Washington Dulles from 24 May, and to
New York JFK from 17 October 1977. Air France and British Airways remained the sole customers with
seven airframes each, for a total production of twenty.
Supersonic flight more than halved travel times, but
sonic booms over the ground limited it to transoceanic flights only.
Its only competitor was the
Tupolev Tu-144, carrying passengers from November 1977 until a
May 1978 crash, while a potential competitor, the
Boeing 2707, was cancelled in 1971 before any prototypes were built.
On 25 July 2000,
Air France Flight 4590 crashed shortly after take-off with all 109 occupants and four on the ground killed. This was the only fatal incident involving Concorde; commercial service was suspended until November 2001. The surviving aircraft were retired in 2003, 27 years after commercial operations had begun. All but 2 of the 20 aircraft built have been preserved and are on display across Europe and North America.
