Kama hii land rectification letter ni ya kweli basi Samia ni land grabber aliekubuhu. Kwa mwenendo huu ni wazi mikopo mingi inaenda kwenye miradi binafsi hali inayozidi kuzorotesha miradi mingi ya ujenzi na huduma mbovu kwa jamii maana sasa uongozi uliopo ni kama kuna mashindano ya kukwapua mali na kodi za umma.
View attachment 3624839
Inabidi tuzidishe dozi kwa hawa manyang'au na wanyonyaji waliokosa akili.
08 July 2026
BUSINESS AS USUAL IN
BLOODIED LAND?
ROLE OF BUSINESSES IN FORCED EVICTIONS IN LOLIONDO,
TANZANIA
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
METHODOLOGY 8
BACKGROUND 11
THE 1,500KM2 MAASAI VILLAGE LAND 11
COMPANIES OPERATING IN LOLIONDO 13
BUSINESS INCORPORATION PROCESS IN TANZANIA 14
FORCED EVICTIONS IN LOLIONDO 15
THE CONSERVATION FALLACY 18
DEGRADATION OF WILDLIFE AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 18
FACILITIES OWNED BY OTTERLO BUSINESS CORPORATION IN LOLIONDO 19
CHALI ONE 20
LIMA ONE 21
LIMA TWO
States must protect against human rights abuse within their
territory and/or jurisdiction by third parties, including
business enterprises. This requires taking appropriate steps
to prevent, investigate, punish and redress such abuse
through effective policies, legislation, regulations and
adjudication.”
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.1
Tanzanian authorities have failed to recognize the Maasai as an Indigenous2 People and further failed to recognize their right to their ancestral lands in Loliondo.3 Traditional lands owned and used by Maasai pastoralists for grazing are increasingly threatened by the establishment of conservation areas without their consultation or participation. Ngorongoro District Council allocated the Loliondo division of Tanzania's northern Ngorongoro district as a hunting concession to tourism businesses without first consulting the
Maasai People or even providing them alternative land, leaving the Maasais’ very survival in jeopardy.
On 3 June 2022, Tanzania’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism announced that it was demarcating 1,500km2 out of 4,000km2 of Maasai village land, part of the Maasai ancestral territory in Loliondo division,
for conservation.
4 On 10 June 2022, Tanzanian government multi-agency security forces used force, including live ammunition and tear gas, to crush protests by Maasai residents assembled in
Ololosokwan
village in
Loliondo to resist a demarcation exercise which was being carried out by the security forces – in the name of conservation.
The security forces consisted of the Tanzania People’s Defence Force, the Tanzania Police Force, its Field Force Unit, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) and the Tanzania
National Parks (TANAPA) rangers.5
The 1,500km2 of land, part of which is allocated to tourism businesses -
Klein’s Camp, a property leased by &BEYOND, Otterlo Business Corporation (OBC) and TAASA Lodge – is within an area that was settled and legally owned by the Maasais
June 2022 was the fourth time that Maasai were being forcibly evicted from their traditional land. They have been forcibly evicted before in 2009, 2013, and 2017. As a result of the latest forced evictions and the response of security forces, many Maasais in Loliondo were wounded, others left homeless, and many forced to flee the country.
The forced evictions in Loliondo have also exposed how the Tanzanian government continues to exclude community members who have the right to and are custodians of the land in Loliondo
from its conservation plans, and instead displaces them from their traditional grazing lands, restricting their access to resources and providing no compensation.
While the state claims conservation as the reason for evicting the Maasai community, it continues to lease out the land to
OBC, a trophy hunting company that violates Tanzania’s Wildlife Conservation (Tourist
Hunting) Regulations, 2015, through illegal exploitation of wildlife as witnessed by staff of the company that Amnesty International interviewed.
Between June 2022 and May 2024, Amnesty International conducted research into forced evictions of the Maasai Indigenous people of Loliondo to investigate the role of businesses operating in the traditional lands owned and used by the Maasai. The investigation for this report builds on Amnesty International’s June 2023
publication, “We have lost everything”: Forced evictions of the Maasai in Loliondo which included interviews with 45 individuals, including 29 Maasai residents, three lawyers, and three journalists. In October 2023,
Amnesty International visited Loliondo to identify businesses operating in the 1,500km2 area, two years after the state established
Pololeti Game Reserve.
Amnesty International saw that the area was now gated and
labelled
Pololeti Game Reserve. Three tourism companies - &BEYOND, OBC and TAASA Lodge - appeared to be operating in the area.
Amnesty International also confirmed that OBC had three camps within
Pololeti Game Reserve - Chali One, Lima One and Lima Two.
In April 2024,
Amnesty International visited Arusha region on a fact-finding mission and interviewed an additional nine people, – including one current employee and four former employees of the private
companies in Loliondo, all residents of Loliondo, and one lawyer, – who were all privy to internal operations of the companies and sometimes involved in conversations on and implementation of the companies’ plans.
As with previous reporting,
Amnesty International has withheld names and other identifying information to
protect the safety of interviewees.
The organization’s Evidence Lab examined 23 images and seven videos, conducted an open-source investigation and analysed recent changes in locations of businesses operating in Loliondo, which were visible in satellite imagery.
Community members from villages in Loliondo impacted by forced evictions and current and former OBC staff claim OBC participated in all forced evictions in Loliondo. 7 Community members told Amnesty
International that OBC representatives known to them and OBC branded vehicles were present during all forced evictions. 8 They also state that during all of the evictions, the security forces set up camp on OBC property and were accompanied by OBC staff and vehicles into Loliondo villages.
At the very least this indicates that the company was aware that security forces were involved in these operations. At most it
means that the company was not only aware but also facilitated the security forces involved in the forcedevictions.
In a 2017 case at the
East African Court of Justice (EACJ), witness testimony implicated the
company in taking part in the forced evictions. OBC did not raise any defence to the witness testimonies or try to disprove accusations of their involvement in the forced evictions. OBC has not publicly responded in the media or elsewhere about its involvement in all forced evictions in Loliondo, including those in June
2022.
Companies have a responsibility to respect all human rights wherever they operate and throughout their operations. This widely recognized standard of expected conduct is set out in the
UN Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights (UN Guiding Principles) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD Guidelines). This responsibility is independent of a
state’s own human rights obligations and exists over and above compliance with national laws and regulations protecting human rights. Even a rudimentary due diligence exercise would have identified that any planned operations to evict the Maasai carried the risk of the involvement of security forces and human rights violations as observed during the forced evictions in 2009, 2013 and 2017.
OBC’s role in all the evictions is deeply problematic and Amnesty International considers that the company is linked to, and may have contributed to, the harm caused by the security forces.
Whilst community members have only mentioned
OBC’s adverse role in the forced evictions and related human rights abuses,
TAASA Lodge and &BEYOND’s Klein’s Camp should also be practicing ongoing due
diligence to identify whether their operations are linked to any negative human rights impact.
This is especially given the number of well-documented evictions of Maasai and human rights violations that have occurred in the area in which they operate. If they identify that this is the case, then they must cease or
prevent the harmful activity, and where applicable, use their leverage to mitigate any remaining impact. They also need to be transparent about their due diligence practices, provide information about any harms they
are linked to, and steps taken to end or mitigate the harm, and provide remedy for any human rights abuse to which they have caused or contributed.
This report calls on businesses operating in Loliondo to respect the rights of the Maasai Indigenous People, carry out human rights due diligence, and provide remedy where their business operations are identified to be causing or contributing to adverse impacts on the Maasai People’s rights. Companies must have internal policies and standard operating procedures which safeguard human rights when their operations include
proposals to resettle communities.
On its part, the Tanzanian government must respect the right of the Maasai Indigenous People to their ancestral land and ensure that it does not act in a manner that violates the human rights of the Maasai. It must also protect the Maasai against human rights violations by non-state actors by enacting and implementing laws that prevent human rights violations, and by monitoring and holding to account those who engage in activities that result in human rights violations.
In doing this, the government must set up a multi-departmental impartial, independent and transparent investigation into the role of the security forces and the companies involved in the forced evictions in Loliondo. All perpetrators must be held to account for their actions in accordance with domestic and international standards.
The state must also continuously
monitor and hold those who engage in activities that result in human rights violations to account.
This is only achievable when the authorities themselves recognize the Maasai as an Indigenous People and recognize their right to their ancestral lands in Loliondo. The state must reverse its land acquisition decision in Loliondo and ensure that no land acquisition or evictions proceed unless the Maasai People give their free, prior, and informed consent through a process of genuine consultation.
BUSINESS AS USUAL IN BLOODIED
LAND?
ROLE OF BUSINESSES IN FORCED EVICTIONS IN LOLIONDO, TANZANIA
June 2022 was the fourth time that Maasai Indigenous People were being forcibly evicted from their traditional land in Loliondo in Tanzania’s northern Ngorongoro district in Arusha region. They have previously been forcibly evicted in 2009, 2013, and 2017.
While the state claims conservation as the reason for evicting the Maasai community, it continues to make decisions
affecting traditional lands owned and used by Maasai without their
consultation or participation, while simultaneously leasing out the land to private companies.
This report reveals that a private company,
Otterlo Business Corporation (OBC) has been involved in forcibly evicting people from the area. Through
its involvement in these evictions, the company is directly linked to, and may have contributed to, the harms that occurred during the forced evictions, while the other companies operating in the area –
TAASA Lodge and &BEYOND – are failing in their responsibility to address risks and actual harms linked to their operations.
Businesses operating in Loliondo must respect the rights of the Maasai by carrying out human rights due diligence and provide remedy where their business operations are identified to be causing or contributing to adverse
impacts on the Maasai People’s rights. The Tanzanian government must also support access to effective remedy for business-related human rights abuses
and protect Indigenous People on their territories against human rights violations by non-state actors by enacting laws that prevent human rights
violations and ensuring their implementation.
Please ensure that you use the style: ‘RT Back cover blurb’. This type should
be Amnesty Trade Gothic 12 point with exactly 15.5 point spacing.INDEX: AFR 56/8320/2024
AUGUST 2024
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
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