nankumene
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mkuu Post M-alone unakumbuka hiki nlichokwambia? leo RT wametoa hii habari
Countries will need to create ruble reserves to buy Russian gas
Special Thread: Yanayojiri Mgogoro wa Ukraine na Urusi. Nini chanzo na hatma ya mzozo?
Special Thread: Yanayojiri Mgogoro wa Ukraine na Urusi. Nini chanzo na hatma ya mzozo?
- Thread starter Askarimaji
- Start date
Countries will need to create ruble reserves to buy Russian gas
President of China
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An official recommendation from the US Department of State approved the cooperation between the Ukrainian scientific technical centre and Black & Veatch from 2011. The companies planned to collaborate on projects of biological research for the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
It is reported that in a reply letter from Black & Veatch's vice-president, the company had been working in the interests of DTRA in Ukraine since 2008 and that there were a number of projects planned to be carried out in the near future (UP-1, UP-2, UP-3).
President of China
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India set for dollar-evading rupee-ruble payment system
The Indian government is reportedly considering taking up the Russian Central Bank’s payment system to bypass dollar-denominated trade, western sanctions and Moscow’s expulsion from the SWIFT banking system.
Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov is set to visit India on Thursday when a final decision is expected, but not before US Sec of Commerce Gina Raimondo slammed New Delhi’s possible deal as “deeply disappointing”.
Last year India exported $3.3bn of goods to Russia and imported just over double the other way.
Galip Veryl
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[emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23] labda kwake nano technology ni zile chip za Snapdragon MediaTek na M1 za Apple. So akiwa anaangalia Specs za sim yake akaona Processor ni Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 built in 3nm Architecture ndio imeisha hivo.
Sema huyo jamaa sio mbishi ka wengine mkielekezana anaelewa.
President of China
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🇺🇸🛢As the Biden administration announces the release of a record 1 million barrels daily from its oil reserves over the next six months to alleviate a supply crunch, Donald Trump says it will not lower prices but instead will deplete the nation’s strategic stocks.
Trump gave his own administration credit for building up American oil reserves to 100% during a period of low prices, and argued it should only be used for large-scale emergency or conflict.
"He’s going to take what we so carefully and magically built, and what will be a futile attempt to reduce oil and gasoline prices. They will soon bring it down to empty again," he said.
Trump gave his own administration credit for building up American oil reserves to 100% during a period of low prices, and argued it should only be used for large-scale emergency or conflict.
"He’s going to take what we so carefully and magically built, and what will be a futile attempt to reduce oil and gasoline prices. They will soon bring it down to empty again," he said.
President of China
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Putin instructed the government and the Central Bank to build a policy based on the fact that sanctions pressure on Russia will continue.
"The West will look for more and more reasons for sanctions," the president said at a meeting to support the aviation industry.
"All these sanctions were prepared in advance, they would have been introduced in any case," the President stressed.
"The West will look for more and more reasons for sanctions," the president said at a meeting to support the aviation industry.
"All these sanctions were prepared in advance, they would have been introduced in any case," the President stressed.
nankumene
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still nakuelekeza kuwa nanotechnlogy ya hizo kampuni inaruhusu mwsho 45 nanomita, hawana nanotechnlogy ya kuandika 10 nanomita na below, cjui ugumu upo wapi hapo kulewa
basi kwa kukusaidi soma manufactres wote wa urus na size wanazoweza kutengeneza,
JSC Mikron Group
Mikron Group is Russia's largest domestic semiconductor manufacturing company. It is an integrated design manufacturer accounting for 54% of the country's exported technology hardware products - producing some 500 million chips each year.The company's roots dates back to 1964 when it was founded as the Research Institute for Molecular Electronics. The corresponding plant would be the first in the country to successfully produce an integrated circuit.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the plant produced microprocessors for things like air defense and the Venus space programs. Mikron along with Angstrem of Russia and Integral of Belarus - both of which we will talk about later - made up the country's big three IC manufacturers.
In the 1990s, the plant converted into a joint stock company. Today it fabs RFID tickets, SIM cards, and other smart card products.
RFID appears to be the company's speciality. They produce about 30 million banking cards, biometric passports, and transport cards each year. They fab the bank chips for Russia's domestic payment card system Mir as well as the travel tickets for Moscow's transport network.
Today, Mikron employs about 1,500 people and has over 400 customers in Russia. Customers include Russia's top cell carriers, transport companies, leading banks and government agencies.
They have another 100 customers overseas - serviced by a number of sales offices in Japan, China, Germany, and more.
At about 60 rubles to a dollar, the company generated about $195 million USD in 2019 revenues and $260 million USD in 2020. Though that 2020 revenue number was bolstered by large subsidies from various Moscow government organizations. Profit figures aren't available but they pulled a net loss in 2015.
Mikron Manufacturing Technology Evaluation
Mikron's Zelenograd fab produces 100, 150 and 200 millimeter wafers. The 200 millimeter wafer production line is the most sophisticated one.In 2007, Mikron signed a technology transfer deal with STMicroelectronics to acquire the IP for their 180 nanometer process node. In 2010, that deal expanded to the 90 nanometer node too.
The 90 nanometer production line launched in 2012 and cost 16.5 billion rubles at the time. Roughly $590 million based on 2017 exchange rates of 60 rubles per dollar.
This project was jointly financed by Rusnano, a government fund dedicated to promoting domestic nanotechnologies.
This node first reached commercial production in 2003, so at this point Russia is about 9 years behind the leading edge.
A key part of technology transfer industrial development policy is the indigenous development of new nodes. The next node down would be the 65 nanometer node. Mikron felt that it would be able to craft that one itself.
Thus in 2014 - the same year it announced the aforementioned Elbrus-2SM on 90 nm - Mikron also announced the successful achievement of the 65 nanometer node at a volume of 500 200-millimeter wafers a month. All the headlines called this proof of Russian technology independence.
But it appears that this announcement had been made a bit hasty. The process was more a working science experiment than a real shipping offering.
Without better lithography scanners - almost all of which have to be imported from the West or Japan - a 65 nanometer line is not commercially viable.
The Mikron website claims that the company is capable of producing 65 nanometer chips - which would make it the only such fab in Russia.
But then adds an asterisk saying that its 65 nanometer production line remains "under development - production qualification and implementation". More likely than not, it’s not ready.
Fujitsu, Toshiba, and TSMC started shipping their commercial 65 nanometer nodes in 2005. So this means that Russia's gap with the leading edge has grown from 9 years to 15+.
The lack of progress must have been grinding. In 2016 Mikron replaced their management team with a new one headed by Gulnara Khasyanova.
The new team announced that they would invest in expanding the factory to produce more chip types and even LEDs to achieve 30 billion rubles of revenue by 2020. Which is … ambitious.
This plan included a 28 nanometer-capable factory in 2018, which I have not heard much about recently. The company eventually missed this 30 billion ruble 2020 target by 15 billion rubles.
Sitronics
Sitronics is a sister company to Mikron. In 2007 - about the same time Mikron was acquiring its 180 nanometer process technology from STMicroelectronics - Sitronics applied for a subsidy to develop a chip manufacturing fab at the 65 and 45 nanometer process nodes on 300 millimeter wafers.The proposed project - jointly financed with the Russian government - would cost about $2.3 billion at the time. That is a lot of money considering that Sitronics only made about half that amount in total revenues in 2012.
Chip production was scheduled to begin in 2009. But it appears that the sheer capital intensity of the project has caused Sitronics to pull back a little. I don’t think they ever moved ahead - especially considering there weren’t any technology partners.
Right now the company website notes that they offer servers, IT software, and smart watches. No chips.
Angstrem
Angstrem - I have seen it spelled with an “o” too - is another one of Russia's leading microelectronics fabs. The company is currently headquartered in Zelenograd along with Mikron.Angstrem dates back to 1963 when it had been founded as the Research Institute of Precision Technology. The plant had been known for having developed and produced the Electronics NTs-8010, the Soviet Union's first completely domestic computer.
Currently, the foundry offers the 130 nanometer and 90 nanometer process nodes on 200 millimeter sized wafers. Their capacity is about 180,000 wafers a year - a far cry from a TSMC Giga-fab, which makes that equivalent number in a single month.
This lack of scale was probably why Angstrem filed for bankruptcy some time in 2018 or 2019 - the exact year is uncertain. In 2008, the company borrowed nearly a billion dollars from the state development bank VEB to purchase some old 110 and 130 nanometer chipmaking equipment from AMD.
The plan was to start producing 90 nanometer smart card microchips by 2010 while simultaneously upgrading to the 65 nanometer node. But the company totally failed to hit this mark, as chips didn't start rolling off the line until 2016. And as I mentioned their 65 nanometer process isn’t yet available.
Shortly thereafter, Angstrem was hit by US sanctions - likely due to its involvement in the Russian military and nuclear industries. This prevented it from building an export business. And that combined with the debt subsequently pushed it into insolvency.
In 2021, VEB founded a subsidiary called NM-Tech which then purchased Angstrem's assets for 8.4 billion rubles. They remarked they have a 10-year plan that would see them convert into a pure-play foundry and put them on the road to 10 nanometer production. So there’s that.
Fabless
Due to the domestic industry's lagging capabilities on the leading edge, more sophisticated semiconductor design ventures have to go abroad to fab their chips.I won't go too much into these companies. It is beyond the scope of this video. But probably the two most interesting efforts are the aforementioned Elbrus microprocessors by the Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies and the Baikal CPUs by Baikal Electronics.
That Elbrus 2SM was the first completely Russian microprocessor, and its creation in 2014 was declared by local media to be the year's number one technology achievement. Even ahead of other things like the creation of Mir - the domestic financial payment card network.
That being said, this 90 nanometer processor was likely more for PR purposes than real use. The processor was originally made using a TSMC 90 nanometer node. And that iteration - despite being 3 years older - seems to perform much better than the Mikron version.
Can't be sure though until you run some benchmarks on them - like Crysis.
Friend of the channel Ian Cutress - and creator of the great TechTechPotato YouTube channel - wrote about the latest iteration of this chip: the Elbrus 8CB chip fabbed on a TSMC 28 nanometer process. I’ll link to it in the description.
Baikal Electronics is taking another approach, using modern practices and EDA tools like Synopsys to develop an ARM-based chip. Their latest offering is the Baikal M-series, an 8-core system-on-chip fabbed on a TSMC 28-nanometer process. A RISC-V version is also being explored.
Sales seems to have been doing well. In November 2020, Baikal announced that they planned to order over 200,000 pieces from TSMC in the first quarter of 2021. Though the company ran into some issues getting enough fab capacity due to the automaker chip shortages.
In June 2021, Baikal was acquired by the Varton Group - an electronics conglomerate that also makes Russia's domestic OS Astra Linux.
This Linux is frequently used within the Russian government, including its military.
Baikal then announced a plan to invest 23 billion rubles to push deeper into the server space, develop a 6-nanometer chip, and sell over half a million Baikal chips. Mostly to government organizations looking to meet Russian import substitution policies.
Alternatives
Considering the circumstances, I am doubtful that the Russian semiconductor manufacturing industry will advance past 65 nanometers in the foreseeable future. Let’s take a look at a couple of possible alternatives in friendly countries capable of replacing this missing capacity.As I briefly mentioned earlier in this video, a significant portion of Soviet integrated circuit production was located in Belarus. And Belarus is very close to Russia right now.
Integral was the third of the big three Soviet semiconductor manufacturers.
Launched in 1962, the company is an integrated design manufacturer producing a variety of electronics products.
A 2017 sales document notes that Integral's most sophisticated node is a 350 nanometer process. This node first hit the market in 1993 and was used for the Nintendo 64. It is not a viable alternative to a TSMC 28 nanometer node.
The Chinese semiconductor foundries on the other hand might be a capable TSMC replacement. Shanghai-based SMIC's most advanced node is a 14 nanometer process that is rumored to have very good yields, though it's not a big part of their overall business.
The company recently turned out a very good 2021 and they are investing $9 billion into a new fab. Considering the current warm relations between Russia and China right now, SMIC might make a lot of sense.
Or maybe not. SMIC heavily relies on chip making equipment imports from the Netherlands and Japan.
Conclusion
The reality is that in the short and medium term, this halt won’t do much. Russia has large stockpiles of raw product. Contingency plans have been drawn up. And guns don’t need a 7-nanometer chip.That being said, it will put what remains of the country’s industries even further behind its competitors. Even Russia's biggest industries chronically lag their Western peers when it comes to digitization and modernization.
Russia has 23 times fewer industrial robots per 10,000 employees than the world average.
Its share of computer numerical control machines or CNC machines in the industry is 10%.
And only 1% of the data generated by its installed sensors are used.
These sanctions make it that much harder for Russian businesses and the ordinary people they employ to make ground.
Late in the regime, the Soviet Communist Party’s inability to close the ever-widening technology gap with the West contributed to a broad loss of confidence in its competency. Of course, times today are different. But maybe not.
kama hujaelewa na hapo bas, hakuna fab yoyote urusi inayoweza kuchora chip sze ya nanomita 25 kushuka chini, km po nipe link km mimi Why Russia can’t replace TSMC｜Meet Global
President of China
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🇵🇱Poland asks the EU for 2.2 billion euros for the maintenance of Ukrainian refugees.
This amount was estimated by the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs Blaža Poboža to the Polish state channel TVP Info.
Authorities estimate that there are currently about 2.4 million Ukrainian refugees in Poland.
“The monthly health care costs for refugees amount to hundreds of millions of zlotys. European solidarity in this regard should not be a declarative slogan, but should be reflected in real financial support, because Poland bears the highest costs, the heaviest burden,” Health Minister Adam Nedzielski is sure.
This amount was estimated by the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs Blaža Poboža to the Polish state channel TVP Info.
Authorities estimate that there are currently about 2.4 million Ukrainian refugees in Poland.
“The monthly health care costs for refugees amount to hundreds of millions of zlotys. European solidarity in this regard should not be a declarative slogan, but should be reflected in real financial support, because Poland bears the highest costs, the heaviest burden,” Health Minister Adam Nedzielski is sure.
NYUNDO YA MOTO
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The US has extended sanctions against Russia.
13 citizens and 21 enterprises fell under the new restrictions.
13 citizens and 21 enterprises fell under the new restrictions.
President of China
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Intelligent people summarize but ignorant people copy and paste.
Nimekuuliza unajua maana ya Nanotechnology!?
MakinikiA
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Kama Idd Amini angekuwa na akili mbovu kama huyu raisi wa ukraine vita ya kagera ingesababisha mauaji mengi kwa raia pale majeshi ya tanzania yalipomzingira na kuanza kuingia miji ya uganda lakini aliamuru jeshi lake liweke silaha chini na kujichanganya na raia na yeye kuwaacha waganda waendelee kula ugali wao,na wengi waliokuwa wakipiga makofi na kushangilia walikuwa wanajeshi wa uganda waliovaa kiraia .............lakini raisi wa ukraine alipuuza sasa ni maumivu kwa raia wake ..............vita nzuri ni ile mnayopigana msituni tu wananchi wakiendelea kuwalipia mapato.............
Tsh
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😀😀. Hichi ni kinyume na anachokisema Puttin.
Hammaz
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Привет, товарищ
добро пожаловать в дебаты
Galip Veryl
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Nyie nyie mmesikia huko [emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23]... Hii movies sijui inaelekea wapi [emoji119][emoji119][emoji119][emoji119]
[emoji96] US removes Russian fertilizer from US sanctions list to avert food shortage crisis.
[emoji96] Marekani yaondoa mbolea ya Urusi kwenye orodha ya vikwazo ili kuepusha tatizo la uhaba wa chakula.
Sasa najiuliza watailipiaje [emoji849]
[emoji96] US removes Russian fertilizer from US sanctions list to avert food shortage crisis.
[emoji96] Marekani yaondoa mbolea ya Urusi kwenye orodha ya vikwazo ili kuepusha tatizo la uhaba wa chakula.
Sasa najiuliza watailipiaje [emoji849]
kilwakivinje
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Atatakiwa kununua kwa rubo hili halina mjadala kabisa
lee Vladimir cleef
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Kudadadeki,
kilwakivinje
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Tutacheza ngoma moja hivi karibuni huyu si ndo jeuri