Tanzania Mining Act of 2010 (Vain Politics)

Tanzania Mining Act of 2010 (Vain Politics)

Emmanuel Tayari;5783528 Finding the right balance between maintaining a welcoming environment for much-needed foreign investment and preserving the oversight necessary to safeguard the national interest is always a catch 22. Foreign Direct Investments acts as great pressure and incentive to change, and if this influence is properly guided and utilized, the country can enter a new age of dynamism and prosperity. On the other hand, facing this powerful force without adequate preparations can send the country to long term failure.

I don't know how to address you. Either way allow me to salute you as Sir! True. Finding a balance in this case can be quite tricky. Attracting foreign Investment can be an extremely challenging, especially at this time when the country is going through a lot of instability. Before an investor can come into a country, they do a lot of research due deligence if you will. They do a lot of simulations on various scenarios. The same is done by investment researches and funding entities. Periodic reports are documented, are shared amongst potential future investors. This kind of Legislation can be described as a Prohibitory, in that It does put a ceiling on the number of people that can invest in the rear stones. The government does this with good faith, unfortunately the damage in the investor community becomes irreversible

As you mentioned in your prior post, Tanzania might not have enough money to invest in equitable basis in the mining sector then why not support the mining act 2010 which give a choice for investor , either to invest based on the current terms or wait until we have the capacity to invest in so called equitable basis?.
In this case, the government does not need to open doors for investors because. The ACT is more damaging than it is helping the country.

The Mining Act of 2010 should be used to further our national interests. Unfortunately I' very sadden for educated guy like yourself, who is championing theory instead of championing reality. Tanzania won't become a developed country if our young people like youself are not thinking of national interests (especially projecting Tanzania as country in the next 50 years).....We can have a debate if you wish.

Please don't be disappointed. We love Tanzania than you think. My assessment are not theoretical but more practical and mostly looking beyond 100 years of Tanzania. That is what H.S and I trying to point here. I have worked in this field for a while along with some of the world best investment experts, and only pray that some of our people would get a clue or even understand what is taking place on the background. Why do you think many people come to Tanzania once or twice and never return? Why would they see Namibia, Botswana, Liberia or Ghana etc... as best alternatives?

We are trying to strike a balanced approach on both the Government (Wananchi) and the investor community. The 50% be it in royalty, equity or taxation, should be stipulated during the initial negotiations to strengthen the investors confidence. Otherwise the current development will be regarded negatively as a DETERRENCE tactic, and paint Tanzania as unfriendly investment destination

In addition, I want all of you to know, that there are so many people with billions just sitting and don't know what to do with it. They would love to come and invest in Tanzania, unfortunately the risks are so high and nobody is willing to come to Tanzania. Bureaucracy is intimidating.If the intent is to preserve these rare stones, then that would be understandable otherwise, the ACT does not conform to the basic investment rules.

No human being is perfect. We all have our shortcomings. However, there are a few very good leaders, with Tanzania in their hearts. Dr. Muhongo, Hon. Kagasheki, Mwakyembe, Magufuli, and January Makamba have the best interest of Tanzania on their hearts, unfortunately when they have LAWS like these guiding them, along with crooked politicians and civil servants, they hands get tied up as far as what they can do to reform the their respective sectors. We must discuss issues like these earnestly to give them more flexibility ......
 
Hata kabla ya sheria hiyo kulikuwa hakuna economic benefit zozote zinazolingana na thamani ya madini hayo kwa taifa. Kwa hiyo kama hakuna faida yoyote leo, basi basi huwezi kusema lolote kuhusu hasara za sheria hiyo.

Moja ya hasara za wazi za sheria hii ni kwamba imewapa wananchi matumaini yasio realistic, matumaini ya kwamba sasa na wao wataanza kumiliki hisa wakati uwezo huo wa kumiliki hisa za TanzaniteOne ulishakuwepo.

Matumaini hayo niliyaita 'manipulative illusion of hope'.
 
The article look like a cry of some one who have been pilfering more from gemstone owners who are now reclaiming their belonging. .

Mgeni akija nchini na akitumia $1m kupata leseni na utafiti halafu akakuuzia hisa kwa kutumia rasilimali yako kwa $100m na wewe unamlipa $100m pale DSE huko ndio ku re-claim your belonging?

Mbona money trail inaonesha kaja na $1m na kaondoka ya $100 less taxes? Hapo umekula ama umeliwa?

Mbona munapenda sana siasa. Wewe diwani/mbunge? Kuuziwa shamba lako mwenyewe ndio unajiona mjanja?
 
Hatuwezi kupata haki ya madini yetu hata kwa sheria hii iliyopo. Jicho letu la kutazama maslahi yetu katika madini tumeling'oa na kulitupilia mbali,tumeamua kula kodi kutoka katika makampuni ya uchimbaji na kusubiria na KAMrabaha cha asilimia 3%.

Waghana wamefanikiwa sana kuhusu swala kama hili,wanakitu kinachoitwa AshanTI,hiyo ni kama STAMICO ya hapa kwetu.

Hawa jamaa wanahakikish iyo 50% lazima ifikiwe ndipo mradi uanze kufanya kazi,tazama joint venture yao kati ya Anglo gold na Ashanti na kupata AngloAshanti kwa uwiano wa asilimia tajwa hapo juu kwa maslahi ya wananchi wa ghana.

Sisi STAMICO tumeiua na wala haina mpango wa kufikiria kuwa hizo 50% katika vito inaweza ikakinga kifua kama wanavyofanya ASHANTI.

Leo Serikali ya ghana inahisa geita kwa kupitia stamico ya kwao ambayo ni ashanti,je sisi tuna hisa ngapi kama taifa?

Inachokipigia kelele serikali inabidi ikitekeleze kwa kuipa nguvu STAMico ili iweze kutuwakilisha vema kama Ashanti ya ghana inavoliwakilisha taifa lao.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Moja ya hasara za wazi za sheria hii ni kwamba imewapa wananchi matumaini yasio realistic, matumaini ya kwamba sasa na wao wataanza kumiliki hisa wakati uwezo huo wa kumiliki hisa za TanzaniteOne ulishakuwepo.

Matumaini hayo niliyaita 'manipulative illusion of hope'.

Ghana wana AshanTI,hawa wanahakikisha maslahi ya madini yanayochimbwa nchini kwao kwanza kwa kushare hisa na wageni(wao hawajawaachia wananchi wa ghana pekee) ila wameamua kulivalia njuga na kusimamia mali ya taifa lao.

Leo stamico iko wapi?inatusaidia vipi kuhakikisha 50% za taifa katika mkataba zinafikiwa kabla ya mradi kuanza?

Watanzania wengi hawana uelewa wa madini katika anga la uwekezaji,stamico ndio mkombozi ila wameiua.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Do you think the millionaire investors who invested with Bernard Maddof participated in decision making process. Katika ulimwengu wa biashara kuna investors, kuna fund managers, kuna business leaders.

Usichanganye biashara ya $100m na biashara ya kiosk cha kuuza bia.
If you've majority, you will definately participate in decision making process. Tatizo lenu nyinyi mmeweka model ya kuwapigia simu vibabu na kuwasomesha faida watazopata wakiinvest through Edward jones and the likes.
Inaonyesha game ya investment unayoongelea wewe ndiyo ya kuanzisha saloon za nywele.

Ndiyo maana Obama alimtoa nishai Donald Trump, alipomtolea mfano wa vitu vinavyomkeep awake at night!!.

Kuna mkataba wowote uliovunjwa kati ya URT na TanzaniteOne? Si wamemaliza muda wa leseni yao? Sasa wanachotaka ni nini zaidi?

Halafu usifananishe uwekezaji wa STAMICO na some kind of Bolsheviks trying to acquire some wealth from a couple of Tsars, these are completely two different scenarios.
 
Naona kuwa kuna wanaopiga vita sheria hii siyo kwa sababu za kiuchumi kama wanavyotaka kutufahamaisha bali ni kwa sababu ya kutokuijua sheria yenyewe inasemaje. Ingawa sheria hiyo ina mapungufu kadhaa, mapungufu hayo hayafanyi sheria nzima iwe useless ya kufukuza wawekezaji waliokuwa wakitusaidia kiuchumi na sasa wanaondoka kwa sababu ya sheria hiyo mbaya, na hivyo kuathiri uchumi wetu. Utashangaa mtu mwenye akili zake timamu anapiga kelele kuwa serikali inataka kutaifisha 50% ya miradi ya madini wakati hamna kipengele chochote kwenye sheria kinachosema hivyo. Na hata hiyo free interest equity inayozungumziwa na sheria kwenye special mining licence, nayo haijataja kiwango bali inasema kutakuwa na makubaliano kulingana na kiwango cha investement yenyewe; hakuna red line iliyoko kwenye sheria hiyo inayosema serikali itachukua 50%, inawezekan makubaliano yakaishia kuwa serikali itachukua 2% au hata 0%.

Tungeweza kujadili mapungufu ya sheria hiyo ili kuiboresha lakini siyo kuipiga vita kwa madai kuwa inatukosesha mkate ambao hatujawahi kuuona.
Sheria inayompa waziri haki ya ku negotiate watoe hisa ngapi inakufaidisha wewe ama inamfaidisha waziri?
 
Nadhani una woga usio na maana. Sheria ipo wazi kabisa imesema hisa asilimia 50 kwa Watanzania. Sio kwa Serikali bali kwa Watanzania. Hao watanzania wanaweza kuwa serikali, ndio maana wengine tukashauri Botswana Model. Pia TanzaniteOne wanaweza kuweka sokoni hisa asilimia 50 kwa Watanzania.

Hakuna nationalisation hapa. Kwanza ujue nationalisation imepigwa marufuku na Katiba ya sasa.

section 24(2)...... it shall be unlawful for any person to be deprived of his property for the purposes of nationalisation.......... inaendelea hiyo na mambo ya compansation.

Kwa hiyo investor anayeogopa nationalisation anajiogopesha tu maana Katiba imekataza.

Did you remind Prof Muhongo's deputy that his stance on TanzaniteOne was unconstitutional?
 
Sheria inayompa waziri haki ya ku negotiate watoe hisa ngapi inakufaidisha wewe ama inamfaidisha waziri?
Inamfaidisha waziri kivipi? Naona mkuu unachanganya mambo.

Waziri ndiye mwakilishi wa rais ambaye amechaguliwa na watanzania wengi kwa ujumla ... sasa ulitaka nani anegotiate? Plus I thought you said there were no negotiations, only dictation?
 
Did you remind Prof Muhongo's deputy that his stance on TanzaniteOne was unconstitutional?
Geezus!! .. Nationalization imekujaje hapa?
TanzaniteOne kama hawataki kuingia ubia na serikali si wanaweza kusepa na magreda yao? Au ile ardhi imeshakuwa yao for life?
 
If you've majority, you will definately participate in decision making process. Tatizo lenu nyinyi mmeweka model ya kuwapigia simu vibabu na kuwasomesha faida watazopata wakiinvest through Edward jones and the likes.
Inaonyesha game ya investment unayoongelea wewe ndiyo ya kuanzisha saloon za nywele.

Ndiyo maana Obama alimtoa nishai Donald Trump, alipomtolea mfano wa vitu vinavyomkeep awake at night!!.

Kuna mkataba wowote uliovunjwa kati ya URT na TanzaniteOne? Si wamemaliza muda wa leseni yao? Sasa wanachotaka ni nini zaidi?

Halafu usifananishe uwekezaji wa STAMICO na some kind of Bolsheviks trying to acquire some wealth from a couple of Tsars, these are completely two different scenarios.

Mr. Kobello, We are trained to value our work (what we do) and be proud of the outcome. We spend sleepless nights doing research on all possible scenarios. Let me be honest with you. If I was looking or working on any investment prospect on any country like Tanzania. All things equal, I would not recommend it to any investor. Unless, it will be worth the risk, and by that we are talking a return of 300% or more on the investment. That piece of legislation is quite risky. Asia Pacific and South America attract lot of Foreign Capital due to their welcoming policies.

We are meeting lot of investors, trying to convince them that Tanzania is the best place to invest in. Unfortunately, they come up with some irrefutable evidence, that Tanzania is a scary place, with poor infrastructure unreliable power etc... what can you do? in addition to the 2010 Mining Act, what can you tell them. We are both Tanzanians.....Honestly, don't you see a problem?
 
I don't know how to address you. Either way allow me to salute you as Sir! True. Finding a balance in this case can be quite tricky. Attracting foreign Investment can be an extremely challenging, especially at this time when the country is going through a lot of instability. Before an investor can come into a country, they do a lot of research due deligence if you will. They do a lot of simulations on various scenarios. The same is done by investment researches and funding entities. Periodic reports are documented, are shared amongst potential future investors. This kind of Legislation can be described as a Prohibitory, in that It does put a ceiling on the number of people that can invest in the rear stones. The government does this with good faith, unfortunately the damage in the investor community becomes irreversible


In this case, the government does not need to open doors for investors because. The ACT is more damaging than it is helping the country.



Please don't be disappointed. We love Tanzania than you think. My assessment are not theoretical but more practical and mostly looking beyond 100 years of Tanzania. That is what H.S and I trying to point here. I have worked in this field for a while along with some of the world best investment experts, and only pray that some of our people would get a clue or even understand what is taking place on the background. Why do you think many people come to Tanzania once or twice and never return? Why would they see Namibia, Botswana, Liberia or Ghana etc... as best alternatives?

We are trying to strike a balanced approach on both the Government (Wananchi) and the investor community. The 50% be it in royalty, equity or taxation, should be stipulated during the initial negotiations to strengthen the investors confidence. Otherwise the current development will be regarded negatively as a DETERRENCE tactic, and paint Tanzania as unfriendly investment destination

In addition, I want all of you to know, that there are so many people with billions just sitting and don't know what to do with it. They would love to come and invest in Tanzania, unfortunately the risks are so high and nobody is willing to come to Tanzania. Bureaucracy is intimidating.If the intent is to preserve these rare stones, then that would be understandable otherwise, the ACT does not conform to the basic investment rules.

No human being is perfect. We all have our shortcomings. However, there are a few very good leaders, with Tanzania in their hearts. Dr. Muhongo, Hon. Kagasheki, Mwakyembe, Magufuli, and January Makamba have the best interest of Tanzania on their hearts, unfortunately when they have LAWS like these guiding them, along with crooked politicians and civil servants, they hands get tied up as far as what they can do to reform the their respective sectors. We must discuss issues like these earnestly to give them more flexibility ......

John, I have worked in Investment Banking as well, what you explaining is just a basic process of raising any Investments. Actually using the process you’re referring to, the Investor would understand all the legal risks in Tanzania. The Tanzania mining Act provides legal certainty not legal uncertainty. It is also an Industry reality that, all Investors who come to Tanzania, normally pushes for “stabilisation clauses” in their contracts with GOT , which addresses how changes in law following the execution are to be treated and the extent to which these changes modify the rights and obligations of the foreign investors under the new law . In short, Investors use stabilization clause as a means of mitigating or managing political risks associated with their project.

Tanzaniteone are too smart for not have used “stabilisation clauses” in their initial contract, therefore If they were in the right side of the debate, I’m sure “stabilisation clauses” in their original contract, could have protected them with the change in law ,but now they can’t enforce the provisions in their contracts because the fact the matter is, their licence has lapsed; And as matter of simple logic if your licence lapsed , then you have to comply with the new law. I therefore think without misleading anyone, it is very important to put the fact straight that, the government didn’t revoke their Licence, it has lapsed. When you licence/ Contract lapse, it is very normal in the market condition to renegotiate using the current market condition, This is very normal in all industries; even in PPP contracts where, Contract design and contracting procedures are at the heart of PPP, when the PPP contract end, involved parties have to renegotiate using the current market conditions. Why is it a sin for Tanzania to do the same?

Lastly, what greater stipulations which provide investor’s confidence, than the laws in Books? When Investors come to Tanzania they are supposed to know the law’s of the Industries they want to invest and not otherwise. Law’s are not there to be negotiated. Negotiating law is what has fuelled corruption and other red tapes in doing business in Tanzania; I wouldn’t expect for you suggesting a room for investors to negotiate our written laws. Even in common law grandfather country like U.K, law are not negotiated.
 
Geezus!! .. Nationalization imekujaje hapa?
TanzaniteOne kama hawataki kuingia ubia na serikali si wanaweza kusepa na magreda yao? Au ile ardhi imeshakuwa yao for life?


Wachachopinga TanzaniteOne ni kutoa hisa za bure. Kuchukua hisa za bure kwa madai ya kwamba sheria inakupa mamlaka ya kuchukua tu maana yake ni kutaifisha.

'Wakisepa' as TanzaniteOne lakini wakirudi under the ownership of mtoto wa Waziri wewe utakuwa umepata nini amabacho hukipati under TanzaniteOne?
 
Inamfaidisha waziri kivipi? Naona mkuu unachanganya mambo.

Waziri ndiye mwakilishi wa rais ambaye amechaguliwa na watanzania wengi kwa ujumla ... sasa ulitaka nani anegotiate? Plus I thought you said there were no negotiations, only dictation?

Hakuna mgogoro wa nani a negotiate. Swali la msingi ni kwamba aki negotiate na kupata hisa 1,000 ama 1,000,000 wewe una criteria gani kujua kama hiyo negotiation ilifanyika in national interest? Open ended powers of Govt officials na kukosekana kwa checks and balances ktk sheria ni moja ya sababu ya wananchi kuwa masikini lakini viongozi wanajenga vikwangua anga.

Serikali ilitaka ku dictate, TanzanoiteOne ikagoma na sasa ndio kuna negotiation.
 
Negotiating law is what has fuelled corruption and other red tapes in doing business in Tanzania; I wouldn't expect for you suggesting a room for investors to negotiate our written laws. Even in common law grandfather country like U.K, law are not negotiated.

Who told you the law cannot be negotiated and changed?

In the UK if you buy a property you have to pay pay stamp duty . Under sharia law of no interest the bank buys the property and transfers to the buyer upon morgage discharge so Muslims had to pay stamp duty twice in one transaction because the duty had to be paid when the bank acquired and when the bank transferred to the actual buyer. This was explained to legisators and they incorporated sharia law in the tax code and now Muslims no longer have to pay duty twice in home purchase.

So yes there can be negotiations followed by amendments. This is what lobbists do, influence lawmakers on behalf of clients.
 
Hakuna mgogoro wa nani a negotiate. Swali la msingi ni kwamba aki negotiate na kupata hisa 1,000 ama 1,000,000 wewe una criteria gani kujua kama hiyo negotiation ilifanyika in national interest? Open ended powers of Govt officials na kukosekana kwa checks and balances ktk sheria ni moja ya sababu ya wananchi kuwa masikini lakini viongozi wanajenga vikwangua anga.

Serikali ilitaka ku dictate, TanzanoiteOne ikagoma na sasa ndio kuna negotiation.
Kwenye govt kuna checks and balances ... tatizo lako labda liwe kwenye execution of the current system na siyo system yenyewe. Kuna bunge, kuna CAG na kuna wananchi, we're not a stupid as you may think. Why don't you just lobby for albinos or something ... it's more reputable.
 
Mkuu H.S

Nilitegemea post yangu itakuwa "as short as a mini-skirt but to cover the essential parts" lakini imeshindikina. Mtaniwia radhi. Nimesoma hoja yako na imejikita zaidi kwenye madhara ya sheria hii mpya ya madini kwa wawekezaji wa kigeni. Nitaongelea kwa ujumla kama hii sheria mpya italeta mabadiliko yaliyokusudiwa kwenye sekta ya madini whether, kwa wawekezaji wa kigeni, wachimbaji wadogo wa madini, wazawa na kwa Watanzania kwa ujumla.

Hivi karibuni, nchi nyingi za Kiafrika, zikiwemo Zambia, Mali na Tanzania, zimefanya mapitio ya sheria za madini zilizotungwa miaka ya 1990s. Kwa upande wa Tanzania, serikali ilianza mchakato wa kuzifanyia mabadiliko sheria za madini tokea mwaka 2000. Kwa hiyo, imechukua takribani miaka 10 mpaka ilipopitishwa Sheria ya Madini ya mwaka 2010.

Sababu kuu ya mchakato wa kuzifanyia marekebisho sheria hizo ilikuwa ni kuongeza mapato ya moja kwa moja kutoka kwenye sekta ya madini. Sababu nyingine ilikuwa ni kuongeza ajira kwenye sekta ya wachimbaji wadogo wadogo (the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector) kwa sababu makampuni makubwa ya madini yamekuwa yakitoa nafasi chache za ajira hasa kwa wazawa wanaozunguka maeneo yenye madini. Pia kulikuwa na suala la uharibifu wa mazingira na wazawa kuondolewa kwa nguvu kwenye maeneo ya madini na wakati mwingine kupewa fidia ndogo au kutopewa kabisa pamoja na kuwa wazawa hao walikuwa wanamiliki maeneo husika kimila.

Lakini kabla ya kuongelea Sheria ya Madini ya mwaka 2010 ni itakuwa siyo vibaya kughusia walao kwa kifupi sheria zilizopita na matatizo yake, hasa kuhusiana na sekta ya ASGM. Sheria ya Madini ya mwaka 1979 ilitoa fursa kwa sekta ya ASGM kupewa permits za kuchimba madini sehemu ambazo hazikuhitaji gharama kubwa na zana za hali ya juu.

Katika miaka ya 1980s, serikali ilianza kuwaunga zaidi mkono ASGMs baada ya kupungunza mamlaka ya STAMICO (State Mining Corporation) katika kuhodhi shughuli za uchimbaji wa madini na mauzo ya dhahabu. Sera ya ASGM ya mwaka 1983 iliwahimiza wananchi kujiongezea kipato chao kwa kujihusisha zaidi kwenye shughuli za madini.

Katika miaka ya 1990s, serikali, kupitia mradi wa Benki ya Dunia (Mineral Sector Technical Assistance Project) ilianza mchakato wa kisera na kisheria ili kuwavutia wawekezaji wa nje hasa kwenye sekta ya madini. Madhumuni mengine yalikuwa ni kuitambua rasmi na ku-integrate sekta ya ASGM kwenye Mpango wa Taifa wa Madini.

Ili kufikia malengo hayo, serikali ilifanya mapitio ya sera na sheria za madini na kuja na sera mpya ya madini ya mwaka 1997, Sheria ya Uwekezaji ya Mwaka 1997 na Sheria ya Madini ya mwaka 1998.

Wakati inapitisha Sheria ya Madini ya mwaka 1998, serikali iliweka kipaumbele zaidi kwa wachimbaji wakubwa wa madini kama moja ya mikakati yake ya kiuchumi. Hii ilisababisha makampuni makubwa ya kigeni kumiminika Tanzania na kupewa ardhi kubwa kwa ajili ya kufanya shughuli za madini.

Serikali ilifanya hivi kwa kutarajia kuwa uwekezaji wa makampuni ya nje kwenye sekta ya madini ungeifanya Tanzania isitegemee tena misaada kutoka nje. Kwa mfano, kwenye Sera ya Madini ya mwaka 1997, serikali ilitegemea kuwa mpaka kufikia mwaka 2025, madini yangekuwa yamechangia asilimia 10 ya GDP. Lakini mpaka kufikia mwaka 2010, madini yalikuwa yamechangia asilimia 2.3 tuu ya GDP.

Hii ni tofauti na nchi nyingine kama Papua New Guinea and Botswana, ambazo mapato yatokanayo na madini yamewezesha nchi hizi kulipa madeni yao yote ya nje na pia kuwezesha Botswna kuwa a middle-income country. Kwa upande wa Tanzania imekuwa ni kinyume. Pamoja na madini yote, bado tunategemea misaada kutoka nje na deni la taifa linazidi kuongezeka.

Kati mwaka 1998-2008, asilimia 90 ya total value of the exports ilienda kwa makampuni ya madini ya nje. Mwaka 2002, mapato ya serikali kutoka seven major mines yalikuwa Dola za Kimarekani milioni 36.2 tuu!

Annual reports za kampuni ya AngloGold inayochimba dhahabu Geita zinasema kuwa mwaka 2006, kampuni hiyo ilichimba ounces 308,000 za dhahabu. Kati ya mwaka 2006 hadi katikati ya mwaka 2007 kampuni hiyo ilitengeneza gross profit ya dola za kimarekani milioni 93 kutoka machimbo ya Geita peke yake. Lakini kampuni hiyo ililipa Dola za Kimarekani milioni moja tuu kama corporate income tax na kudai kuwa italipa tena corporate tax mwaka 2011, ambapo ni miaka 11 baada ya kuanza operations.

Pia Barrick Gold iliripoti a net income ya Dola za Kimarekani milioni 97 kati ya mwaka 2004 na katikati ya mwaka 2007, lakini ilikuwa bado haijaanza kulipa corporate income tax. Kwa kipindi hicho, mrahaba ndiyo ulikuwa kipato kikuu cha serikali.

Kati ya mwaka 2002 na 2006, makampuni ya madini yalipeleka nje dhahabu yenye dhamani ya dola za Kimarekani bilioni 2.9. Katika kipindi hicho, serikali ilikusanya dola za Kimarekani milioni 17.4 tuu kwa mwaka kama mrahaba, charged at 3% of the net back value of gold exports: TWN Africa, et al, (2009) Breaking the Curse: How Transparent, Taxation and Fair Taxes can turn Africa's Mineral Wealth into Development.

Sababu inadaiwa ni matokeo ya Sheria ya Madini ya Mwaka 1998 ambayo iliweka mrahaba wa asilimia 3 tuu na kutoa likizo za kodi (tax holidays) kwa makampuni ya madini. Inadaiwa pia kwamba "Mining companies… are granted too many tax subsidies and concessions" and "there is high incidence of tax avoidance by mining companies conditioned by such measures as secret mining contracts, corporate mergers and acquisitions, and various ‘creative' accounting mechanisms." - TWN Africa, et al, (2009) Breaking the Curse: How Transparent, Taxation and Fair Taxes can turn Africa's Mineral Wealth into Development.

Haya yote ndiyo yalifanya watu wengi waanze kulalamika kuwa makampuni ya madini ya nje yalikuwa hayana manufaa yoyote kwa taifa. Pia watu walianza kulalamika wakitaka ASGMs nao wapewe ardhi kuchimba madini na pia kurahisisha ASGMs kupata leseni kwa usawa na haki kama ilivyokuwa kwa wachimbaji wakubwa.

Kutokana na malalamiko mengi kwenye sekta ya madini hasa kuhusiana na mapato madogo, migogoro kwenye sekta husika, nk. Rais Kikwete aliunda Tume ya Bomani. Ripoti ya Bomani ilisizitiza umuhimu wa kuzifanyia marekebisho sheria na sera za madini ili kuwapa Watanzania nafasi ya kunufaika zaidi na kujihusisha kikamilifu kwenye sekta ya madini.

Nakukumbuka kulikuwa na mjadala mkali sana bungeni wakati serikali ilipoleta hii sheria kama mswada. Wanasema "the Mining Act 2010 was probably one of most hotly debated Bill in the previous Parliament. Some 84 MPs contributed to the Bill, which was debated for two days. While 23 MPs had an opportunity to contribute on the floor, 61 sent their views in writing. It thus became the most debated Bill during the 19th parliamentary meeting.."- http://allafrica.com/stories/201004240013.html

Serikali ilidai kuwa sheria hii mpya ingeongeza mapato yatokanayo na kodi, ASGMs na fidia kwa wale watakaondolewa sehemu za madini. Wabunge walidai kuwa sheria haikwenda far enough. Hata hivyo, mjadala uliishia kujikita zaidi kwenye kuanzisha Mamlaka ya Madini (Tanzania Mining Authority – TMA).

Swali ambalo nimekuwa nikijiuliza ni kama sheria hii mpya italeta mabadiliko yoyote kwenye sekta ya madini. Kwanza kabisa inabidi tujue kuwa matatizo yanayotokana na makampuni makubwa ya madini hayasababishwi na vifungu vya sheria pekee. Kwa miaka mingi kumekuwa na malalamiko ya rushwa kwenye sekta ya madini. Malalamiko hayo yanahusisha maafisa wa ngazi za juu kitaifa na pia huko yanakochimbwa madini.

Mikataba ya madini bado ni siri. Wananchi hawajui kinachokubaliwa na kusainiwa. Hakuna transparency. Mpaka kulikuwa na tuhuma kuwa mkataba mmoja wa madini ulisainiwa kwenye chumba cha hotel London ambapo ni mbali kabisa na macho ya Watanzania. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) inafanyika kabla ya large-scale projects kuanza, lakini baada ya hapo hakuna monitoring and evaluation na sehemu ya tatizo ni siasa na rushwa.

Watu hasa wale wanaosihi karibu na sehemu zenye madini wanaadhirika sana na rushwa na uongozi mbaya. Kuna matatizo kwenye mining and acquisition of lands na pia malipo ya fidia. Mifano ipo Kahama, Geita, Simanjiro, na kwingineko.

Hata kama kiini cha tatizo la ASGM kinatokana na sheria ya nyuma, bado sheria hii mpya haitambui diversity ya ASGM na complexities za ajira kwenye hiyo sekta. Serikali inasizitiza umuhimu wa kuwapa leseni watu lakini the reality is that landlords and licence holders often lease out land to unlicensed groups. Primary Mining Licence system inawa-favour zaidi wealthier entrepreneurs kuliko mwananchi wa kawaida. Kama ilivyo sheria ya zamani, sheria hii mpya haitoi maana ya "artisanal" mining. Pia tofauti na Primary Mining Licence system ambayo ni more restrictive, sheria haitoi options nyingine za leseni kwa ajili ya ASGM workers.

Pamoja na hayo, inategemewa kuwa sheria hii mpya ya madini italeta uwekezaji mpya kwenye sekta ya madini, itaiongezea serikali mapato, itatoa mazingira mazuri kwa wachimbaji wadogo wa ndani, na itaongeza fidia kwa wale wanaohamishwa. Lakini kama nivyosema awali kiini cha tatizo siyo sheria yenyewe.

Kama alivyosema Terry Karl, "it is a great challenge to undo the political and institutional distortions that have emerged in mining countries, and changing legislations may not be enough. It is a task for the coordinated efforts of all stakeholders." - Terry Karl, "Ensuring Fairness: The Case for a Transparent Fiscal Contract" in Humphreys, M. et al (eds), Escaping the Resource Curse (Columbia University Press, 2007) 256–85.

Kwa hiyo, kama alivyosema Siri Lange kwenye article yake titled "Gold and Governance: Legal Injustices and Lost Opportunities in Tanzania" (2011) African Affairs, Vol. 110/439, 233–252, "With governance problems unresolved – particularly corruption, which has proved a central problem up to now – it remains to be seen whether the 2010 mining act will make a difference, or whether we will still find that people have legal rights but no justice in the rapidly expanding mining areas of Tanzania."

Mwisho kabisa kwa wale wanaoikosoa sheria hii kuwa haiwalindi wawekezaji wa nje na pia kwa wale wanaounga mkono sheria hii kuwa inawalinda wachimbaji wadogo wa madini, inabidi kwanza wajiulize kama sheria hii inawalinda wao binafsi na familia zao kwa kusoma kifungu cha 18(1) cha sheria hiyo.

Kifungu cha 18(1) kinasema kuwa "…no person other than a mineral right holder, a licensed dealer, or licensed broker shall have in his possession, or dispose of, any mineral or minerals, unless as an employee, agent or contractor, he has acquired and holds the mineral or minerals for or on behalf of a mineral right holder, licensed dealer or a licensed broker."

Kwa hiyo basi kama unajichimba choo chako cha shimo au unapalilia maharage kwenye ardhi unayoimiliki kisheria halafu bahati nzuri ukakuta kipande cha Tanzanite hutaweza hata kukimiliki kisheria kama huna leseni. Kifungu hiki kinakunyang'anya haki, fursa na hata bahati yako kama mzawa kumiliki madini (ispokuwa chumvi na chokaa) bila leseni. Tafakari.
 
Mr. Kobello, We are trained to value our work (what we do) and be proud of the outcome. We spend sleepless nights doing research on all possible scenarios. Let me be honest with you. If I was looking or working on any investment prospect on any country like Tanzania. All things equal, I would not recommend it to any investor. Unless, it will be worth the risk, and by that we are talking a return of 300% or more on the investment. That piece of legislation is quite risky. Asia Pacific and South America attract lot of Foreign Capital due to their welcoming policies.

We are meeting lot of investors, trying to convince them that Tanzania is the best place to invest in. Unfortunately, they come up with some irrefutable evidence, that Tanzania is a scary place, with poor infrastructure unreliable power etc... what can you do? in addition to the 2010 Mining Act, what can you tell them. We are both Tanzanians.....Honestly, don't you see a problem?
Not really.
When you mentioned infrastructure and energy as the factors, then I will have to agree with you. But thats not the case with TanzaniteOne. There's enough infrastructure and energy to operate a mine profitably, comfortably. It's a good thing that you will not recommend Tanzania to the so-called investors because all they're looking for is an easy access to money, and nothing else.

i don't and will never accept capitalism.
 
Mgeni akija nchini na akitumia $1m kupata leseni na utafiti halafu akakuuzia hisa kwa kutumia rasilimali yako kwa $100m na wewe unamlipa $100m pale DSE huko ndio ku re-claim your belonging?

Mbona money trail inaonesha kaja na $1m na kaondoka ya $100 less taxes? Hapo umekula ama umeliwa?

Mbona munapenda sana siasa. Wewe diwani/mbunge? Kuuziwa shamba lako mwenyewe ndio unajiona mjanja?

Siasa iko wapi hapo kwenye maelezo yangu? Na kwa nini unataka kujenga hoja kwa kuchukua sentensi moja bdala ya muktadha mzima wa mchango wangu? Wewe ndiye unataka kuleta siasa hapa. Kwenye makala hiyo umeona kuna sehemu imeandikwa kiwango cha capital cha mwekezaji kwenye gemstones? All in all lazima joint venturing ndiyo ihusika kwenye uwekezaji wowote unaogusa rasilimali zetu hususan madini. Ndiyo msimamo wangu, habari ya kutegemea loyalty ya 4% na kodi mbuzi haukubaliki kwa sasa. Ni wakati wa kuamka.
 
Back
Top Bottom