Mkuu Mwawado, Kwa kupenda kuelimika tu, mashaka ya wasomi walioko serikalini ni nini juu ya hili? Kwa mtazamo wangu sioni tatizo lake liko wapi.
Ni haya hapa chini, kama unataka mada nzima nitumie barua pepe yako nitakutumia ila ni ndefu kiasi - ina kurasa 33:
When Does a National Become a Dual Citizen?
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In his most recent official visit to the United States of America (USA), the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, met a group of Tanzanian citizens – as well as citizens of USA who have renounced their Tanzanian citizenship – residing in Los Angeles, California. One of the burning questions that they had for the President as the buildup to the event indicated was the question of dual citizenship. Prior to this presidential visit it was a common knowledge, as garnered from parliamentary debates and ensuing media reports such as
The Citizen's (15 July 2008)
Preparations for Dual Citizenship Law Underway and
The Daily News' (15 July 2008)
Bill on Dual Citizenship Coming, that the government was in the process of preparing a Bill for dual citizenship to be tabled in the Parliament in one of its 2009 sessions.
Thus the anticipation the Tanzanian Diaspora had despite of the fact that their campaign to push for such a Bill goes back as early as 2004 was based on the hope that as the head of the government, the President could reveal how soon they should expect such a parliamentary motion. Surprisingly, flanked by the Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs, Bernard Membe, the President told his audience in Los Angeles that the move has stalled as it has been a subject of opposition among a number of people including the highly regarded intellectuals at the university, some of whom he affirmed they know very well. He noted that the Minister for Foreign Affairs has frequently talked in favour of it but has now stopped doing so for every time he speaks about it they blast – as in criticize – him. In his characteristically humouristic tone, President Kikwete grinningly said that these opponents of dual citizenship are saying that their fellows who are abroad want to
‘kula huku na huku', which when literally translated means, they ‘want to eat here and there.'
[1] It is obvious he was referring to certain ‘Intellectuals at the Hill', that is, those at the University of Dar-es-Salaam (UDSM) which is still highly regarded as the leading Higher Learning Institution in Tanzania. The President promised, however, that they will keep on educating, as in sensitizing the people, about it, that is, presumably about its benefits.
But who are these renowned intellectuals that the government seemingly listens to when they speak and what are their main arguments against dual citizenship? They include those who participated in an international conference on ‘Unbinding Dual Citizenship in Tanzania' convened by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) at UDSM in April, 2007. In her media report of the event in
The Guardian (12 April 2007), Christina Mwangosi concluded that most participants disagreed with the adoption of dual citizenship by arguing that it will endanger peace, security and livelihood of poor Tanzanians. Moreover, they argued that it will increase pressure on land because in most cases people with access to dual citizenship may take advantage of their affluence to purchase land thus leaving the poor landless. Another argument advanced against it was that it may also put the nation at a high security risk. According to the Centre for the Study of Forced Migration, the International Refugee Rights Initiative & the Social Science Research Council (2008), however, some people argued that introducing it might perhaps help Tanzania to access investment from the Diaspora and that there was recognition of the existence of an emerging elite with children born outside Tanzania who could also benefit.
Arguably one of those famous intellectuals who are against dual citizenship is Shivji. As far back as 2006 when the Law Reform Commission of Tanzania, chaired by the renowned Judge Antony Bahati, issued a report on the introduction of dual citizenship in Tanzania, he had expressed concern that the reforms were spearheaded by an elite few. According to the
Sunday News (21 May 2006), Shivji said this was so because the majority of Tanzanians would not benefit from such a reform. Moreover, he contended that the reform in favour of dual citizen was/is a sign of a lack of patriotism and would lead to a loss of national identity. In tandem with these contentions he wrote an article on
Dual versus African Citizenship in
The Citizen (24 November 2007). Therein he offered a critique of one of the parliamentary debates on dual citizenship in which the response of a Deputy Minister concerned with citizenship implied that ‘many' Tanzanians were/are in favour of it. After noting that previously newspapers have reported that vocal Tanzanians particularly those residing abroad had clamoured for that form of citizenship and also after observing that it seemed even those in authority were/are in favour of it, Shivji predicted that perhaps it was thus a matter of time before dual citizenship is legalized and then posed two set of interrelated questions that we need to ask. The first one is which Tanzanians want such citizenship and how many are those ‘many Tanzanians' who want it? And the second one is what does dual citizenship implies and who stands to benefit from it?
The answer to the first question, he contended, is clear even without taking a head count. It is – for it can only be – the members of the minute elite who constitute that ‘many Tanzanians' implied by the said Deputy Minister. To Shivji, these ‘many' Tanzanians cannot be the majority Tanzanians for the latter live in their villages and may have never travelled outside the country and perhaps not even to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's business capital. As such, he affirms, it matters little to the large majority of Tanzanians. In a way this view was supported by Chachage in an interview with
Sunday News (21 May 2006) whereby the latter was quoted as saying that dual citizenship was not a priority because there were many other pressing issues at that moment.
In the absence of such a head count it is important to note that according to one of the leading advocates for dual citizenship known as Abdul Wakil, the online ‘Dual Petition for Tanzanians' was filed at
www.tanzaniacyberzone.com by Tanzanians living in America, that is, USA. At the time Wakil announced that on 18 March 2004, as cached in
http://www.africaguide.com/forum/general/247.html, he noted that 450 signatures had been collected. By 17 November 2007 another leadin