Hivi ni ni Africa ipi kama ni Subsaharan area( Hili litakua jambo jingine) kama Egypt atasimama kuiwakilisha Africa...Hapa tutatazama The Four Ancient civilization
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The span of ancient history began with the invention of
writingabout 3100 bc and lasted for more than 35 centuries. Humankind existed long before the written word, but writing made the keeping of a historical record possible.
Sasa kwa Time frame hiyo tuiweke Africa hapo 👇👇👇
The first ancient societies arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt in the Middle East, in the Indus valley region of what are now Pakistan and India, in the Huang He (Yellow River) valley of China, on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea, and in Central America. All these civilizations had certain features in common. They built
cities and invented forms of writing. They learned to make pottery and use metals. They domesticated animals, and they created fairly complex social structures with class systems.
Mpaka 15century Africa ilikua haina mfumo wake pekee wa maandishi....ulipofika uislamu Arabic literacy iliprosper wengine hawakuona umuhimu wa Kuandika most of societies hata iron hawakua wakiifahamu Tanganyika tuwaondoe Wahaya na Wapare the rest Walikua busy na mambo mengine.
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Apart from written records and carved inscriptions, the knowledge about ancient peoples is derived from the work of
archaeologists. Most of the significant archaeological findings have been made in the past 200 years. The Sumerian culture of Mesopotamia was discovered in the 1890s, and some of the most important archaeological digs in China were made after the late 1970s
Again subsaharan area ukidig only utakutana na Mafuvu ya species.
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Farming was developed in the Middle East about 6500 bc,The best known of the ancient writing systems is probably Egyptian hieroglyphics
Now
All the major ancient civilizations—in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus valley, and China—emerged in the 4th millennium bc. ( Subsaharan Africa ilikua inafanya nini this time)
The Sumerians contributed to the development of metalworking, wheeled carts, and potter’s wheels.
They may have invented the first form of
writing. They engraved pictures on clay tablets in a form of writing known as
cuneiform(meaning “wedge-shaped”). The tablets were used to keep the accounts of the temple food storehouses. By about 2500 bc these picture-signs were being refined into an
alphabet.
The Sumerians developed the first
calendar, which they adjusted to the phases of the Moon. The lunar calendar was adopted by the Semites, Egyptians, and Greeks.
Trade increased between Sumerian cities and between Sumer and other, more distant regions. This led to the growth of a merchant class( Very Sad hikuexpand kuinfluence the darkened area)
Hapo nimegusa Kidogo tu ...SASA SWALI KWANINI EGYPT ALIWEZA KUADOPT NA KUGUNDUA MENGINE LAKINI TEKNOLOGIA NA MAENDELEO YAKE HAIKUSAMBAA KWA WENGINE SOUTHWARDS Greek wamekuja kuzaliwa kwa hao Kisha Warumi wakaja Wakapotea mpaka Great Bretain kisha USA Why subsaharan area haichange....Hiyo ndo big question.
