What is a catalytic converter?
Catalytic converters help clean your car’s exhaust emissions using chemical reactions with precious metals, but thefts are on the rise...
If you don’t know what a catalytic converter is, you need not lose sleep over it. The technology isn’t new and it’s present on virtually every car on the road today but there’s no real reason why catalytic converters should be at the forefront of any motorist’s mind, most of the time. They run along in the background using chemical reactions to clean harmful gasses from your car’s exhaust emissions. Unless yours breaks or, as has become increasingly common in recent years, somebody tries to steal it, there’s very little to worry about.
In this guide we explain everything you need to know about catalytic converters - from how they work to the materials and precious metals used in them - and how to protect your car from catalytic converter theft…
How do catalytic converters work?
Catalytic converters change harmful substances in a car’s exhaust gasses, such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrocarbons, into less harmful substances like carbon dioxide and water vapour by means of chemical reactions.
The interior of the ‘cat’ is usually filled with a honeycomb structure onto which a coating is applied that contains a catalyst - the substance that creates a reaction with the exhaust gasses, changing their chemical structure.
Precious metals like palladium, rhodium and platinum are commonly used as the catalyst and these have an intrinsic value that means they’re worth salvaging and recycling when the car is scrapped. Unfortunately, these precious metals also make catalytic converters a target for thieves.
Catalytic converters need to work at high temperatures of up to 400 degrees to maximise their efficiency. To achieve this optimum operating temperature the first units were positioned close to the car’s engine but this caused its own issues and the cat has gradually been mover further down the exhaust system, away from the engine’s heat source.
In today’s cars the catalytic converter is found underneath the vehicle towards the exhaust outlet, a position that makes it accessible to thieves who can cut the whole unit out from underneath the car.
Types of catalytic converters
There are various types of catalytic converter. A simple ‘two-way’ oxidation cat works to turn carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbons, which are basically particles of unburnt fuel, to carbon dioxide and water. More advanced ‘three-way’ catalytic converters are fitted to modern cars and these do the above while also reducing emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which together are more commonly known as NOx, a major cause of localised air pollution.
•
What is AdBlue?
Diesel cars typically have special catalytic converters to cope with the specific emissions from compression ignition diesel engines. These Diesel Oxidation Catalyst units are routinely paired with additional exhaust treatment technologies such as exhaust gas recirculation, Diesel Particulate Filters to trap soot and Selective Catalytic Reduction which uses injections of AdBlue urea solution to remove NOx.
Catalytic converter theft
Incidences of catalytic converter thefts from cars showed a dramatic increase in 2019 with the year’s total around 10 times higher than in 2018.
Catalytic converters help clean your car’s exhaust emissions using chemical reactions with precious metals, but thefts are on the rise...
www.autoexpress.co.uk