Albinoomweusi
JF-Expert Member
- Oct 28, 2016
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UCHUMI WA KATI
Print Media
In earlier times, news was presented to local populations through the printed press. While several colonies had printers and occasional newspapers, high literacy rates combined with the desire for self-government made Boston a perfect location for the creation of a newspaper, and the first continuous press was started there in 1704.[2] During the American Revolution, newspapers took part in the effort to inform citizens of perceived British misdeeds and to incite attempts to revolt. Readership across the colonies increased and daily papers sprang up in large cities.[3]
Newspapers united for a common cause during the Revolutionary War. The divisions that occurred during the United States’ early history created a change and moved the nation into the party press era, in which partisanship and political party loyalty dominated the choice of editorial content. One reason was cost. Subscriptions and advertising did not fully cover printing costs and political parties stepped in to support newspapers that aided their parties and their policies. Papers began printing party propaganda and messages, even publicly attacking political leaders like George Washington. Despite the antagonism of the press, Washington and several other founders felt that freedom of the press was important for creating an informed electorate. Indeed, freedom of the press is enshrined in the Bill of Rights in the first amendment.
Between 1830 and 1860, machines and manufacturing made the production of newspapers faster and less expensive. Benjamin Day’s paper, the New York Sun, used technology like the linotype machine to mass-produce papers. Roads and waterways were expanded, decreasing the costs of distributing printed materials to subscribers. New newspapers popped up.
Yet readers still wanted to be entertained. Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World gave them what they wanted. The tabloid-style paper included editorial pages, cartoons, and pictures, while the front-page news was sensational and scandalous. This style of coverage became known as yellow journalism. As the New York World’s circulation increased, other papers copied Pulitzer’s style in an effort to sell papers. Competition between newspapers led to increasingly sensationalized covers and crude issues.
In 1896, Adolph Ochs purchased the New York Times with the goal of creating a dignified newspaper that would provide readers with important news about the economy, politics, and the world rather than gossip and comics. The New York Times brought back the informational model, which exhibits impartiality and accuracy and promotes transparency in government and politics.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the media began muckraking: the writing and publishing of news coverage that exposed corrupt business and government practices. Investigative work like Upton Sinclair’s serialized novel The Jungle led to changes in the way industrial workers were treated and local political machines were run. The Pure Food and Drug Act and other laws were passed to protect consumers and employees from unsafe food processing practices. Local and state government officials who participated in bribery and corruption became the centerpieces of exposés.
Some muckraking journalism still appears today, and the quicker movement of information through the system would seem to suggest an environment for yet more investigative work and the punch of exposés than in the past. However, at the same time there are fewer journalists being hired than there used to be. The scarcity of journalists and the lack of time to dig for details in a 24-hour, profit-oriented news model make investigative stories rare.[4]
There are two potential concerns about the decline of investigative journalism in the digital age. First, one potential shortcoming is that the quality of news content will become uneven in depth and quality, which could lead to a less informed citizenry. Second, if investigative journalism in its systematic form declines, then the cases of wrongdoing that are the objects of such investigations would have a greater chance of going on undetected. In the twenty-first century, newspapers have struggled to stay financially stable. Print media earned $44.9 billion from ads in 2003, but only $16.4 billion from ads in 2014.[5]
Given the countless alternate forms of news, many of which are free, newspaper subscriptions have fallen. Advertising and especially classified ad revenue dipped. Many newspapers now maintain both a print and an Internet presence in order to compete for readers. The rise of free news blogs, such as the Huffington Post, have made it difficult for newspapers to force readers to purchase online subscriptions to access material they place behind a digital paywall. Some local newspapers, in an effort to stay visible and profitable, have turned to social media, like Facebook and Twitter. Stories can be posted and retweeted, allowing readers to comment and forward material.[6]
Yet, overall, newspapers have adapted, becoming leaner—though less thorough and investigative—versions of their earlier selves. Read more about TV , Radio and social media source : https://courses.lumenlearning.com/americangovernment/chapter/the-evolution-of-the-media/
Prof. Kabudi: Rais wa Ufaransa amwandikia Barua kumpongeza Rais Magufuli kwa kuiwezesha Tanzania kuingia Uchumi wa Kati?
Tanzania daima bado lipo?Kampuni ya New Habari imetangaza kusitisha utoaji wa magazeti yake kuanzia Jumatatu ijayo kutokana na mwenendo mbaya wa biashara.
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NEW HABARI YASITISHA UZALISHAJI MAGAZETI
KAMPUNI ya New Habari 2006 LTD inayozalisha magazeti ya Mtanzania, Rai, Bingwa na Dimba imetangaza kusitisha uzalishaji wa magazeti yote kutokana na mwenendo mbaya wa biashara.
Akizungumza na wafanyakazi wa kampuni hiyo Mhariri Mtendaji, Dennis Msacky amesema uzalishaji wa magazeti hayo utasitishwa kuanzia Jumatatu wiki ijayo.
Tutatafuta madaftari ya watoto wasiopenda shuleKwahiyo vitumbua tutafungia nini bajameni!!
Magazeti na Media zote zisizoimba sifa hazipo sokoni.T
Tanzania daima bado lipo?
Mbona magazeti ya Uhuru, Habari leo, na Daily News yanapeta licha ya kuwepo mitandao ya kijamii. Swali: "In which different business environment are these papers operating"?
Mbona mwanahalisi online ipo vizuri. Magazeti ya Musiba yanatatizo? Yanaonyesha uzalendo.Magazeti na Media zote zisizoimba sifa hazipo sokoni.
Kwanza TV, Tanzania Daima, MwanaHALISI, Mawio, Raia Mwema.
Sasa hivi meza za magazeti zimejaa magazeti ya Serikali, Musiba, Jamvi la Habari na CCM
Wakiendelea kuweka habari za upendeleo hata huko watapotea tuTrue hiki kizazi cha social network kimeua kabisa soko la magazeti
Makampuni yote ya habari yanapaswa kuja na mabadiliko na kuwekeza nguvu kubwa zaidi katika Platform za mitandao ya kijamii otherwise wataendelea kuangukia pua tu
Teknolojia imekua sana, magazeti hayauziki kama zamani.
Chukua pepsi baridi nalipaMbona magazeti ya Uhuru, Habari leo, na Daily News yanapeta licha ya kuwepo mitandao ya kijamii. Swali: "In which different business environment are these papers operating"?
...Duuu! Ina maana Wale Wadogo zangu Waandishi wa Hayo Magazeti inabidi sasa Wapo juu ya Mawe na Itabidi Waingie Mtaani!! [emoji35][emoji35]Kampuni ya New Habari imetangaza kusitisha utoaji wa magazeti yake kuanzia Jumatatu ijayo kutokana na mwenendo mbaya wa biashara.
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NEW HABARI YASITISHA UZALISHAJI MAGAZETI
KAMPUNI ya New Habari 2006 LTD inayozalisha magazeti ya Mtanzania, Rai, Bingwa na Dimba imetangaza kusitisha uzalishaji wa magazeti yote kutokana na mwenendo mbaya wa biashara.
Akizungumza na wafanyakazi wa kampuni hiyo Mhariri Mtendaji, Dennis Msacky amesema uzalishaji wa magazeti hayo utasitishwa kuanzia Jumatatu wiki ijayo.
Dogo mbona hauamkii wakubwa wako [emoji849]Wakiendelea kuweka habari za upendeleo hata huko watapotea tu
Dogo mbona hauamkii wakubwa wako [emoji849]