Mashoga Wanadai Haki, Lakini Je, Tunaelewa Tunachoshinikizwa Kukubali?

[Planet Data bundles]

Kila siku huwa nashangaa, wanaoteseka juu ya ushoga/mashoga ni straight uchwara, na sio wao Wahusika.

Yes ni Straight uchwara, hasa bisexuals na ndio kundi kubwa lililopo hapa Duniani, yaan ni wana haha kuliko hata Gays wenyewee.

Mtu analeta hoja sijui matatizo ya akili, hawa raia waliojichokea na umaskini wa fikra had uchumi, nao ni mashoga? Mara umalaya huo umalaya mbona straight uchwara ndo sifa yao kuu na wanajivunia hilo wazi wazi?

Nyie km mnapinga ushoga, pingeni kwa hoja zilizo na mantiki, sio hizi futuhi zenu, zilizopitwa na wakati na za uongo. Mkikaa huko vijiweni mnadanganyanaa wee na kujipa ahueni ya ubabaifu,

Ila waja ushoga/mashoga wanawatesa sanaa eee? Mbona wao wako lelelelee tena winja winja na maisha yao, ila nyie sasa kutwaa makasiriko yasiyo na msingi? Vipi hamjambo lakinii? 😂😂😂😂

Mashogaa wako na wanatamba watakavyo,
Weraaaaaaa weraaaaaaa!!! 😂😂😂😂😂

kwaiyo hawa waliolike ni mashoga

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

Surprising people have been social engineered to celebrate it

There is a difference between social engineering (social constructionism) and natural selection. PCB guys are good at explaining the difference.

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

USA kuna kikundi kimezuka kinaitwa "Moms for Liberty", ni kina mama waliokuja pamoja baada ya kuanza kupata ukakasi wa mitaala wanayofundishwa watoto Wao mashuleni; Kuna Maktaba za shule za msingi walikutana na vitabu vya picha vikielezea jinsi ya kufanya mapenzi ya jinsia Moja
Madhara ya wazazi kuachia elimu ya mtoto mwalimu

Kwani wangekuta vitabu vinaelezea watoto namna ya kufanya mapenzi ya jinsia tofauti wangekaa kimya? Kisa hiki ungekiacha. Hakina added value kwenye hoja yako. Hoja kuntu ni tofauti na mipasho ya kipropaganda.

 

[Mnafiki Wa Kujitegemea]

USA kuna kikundi kimezuka kinaitwa "Moms for Liberty", ni kina mama waliokuja pamoja baada ya kuanza kupata ukakasi wa mitaala wanayofundishwa watoto Wao mashuleni; Kuna Maktaba za shule za msingi walikutana na vitabu vya picha vikielezea jinsi ya kufanya mapenzi ya jinsia Moja
Madhara ya wazazi kuachia elimu ya mtoto mwalimu

Sasa je,hivyo vitabu vilifikafikaje hapo ilihali mamlaka zipo?
Ninachoona hapa ni kuwa malaka zilishakubali masharti lkn passively hawayataki masharti hayo.

Ebu tupinge yoooote yanayohusiana na kushahabiana na ushoga na ulawiti pia na mafundisho yake. Yaani vitendo hivyo vipingwe kwa vitendo.

 

[kadiri kasimba]

🌈🌈🌈🌈🌈 E Mwenyezi Mungu tunusuru waja wako!

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

I respectively disagree
Ushoga sio maumbile bali ni hisia ambazo zikiendekezwa na kupaliliwa zinakuwa tabia

Wewe naona umesoma ungwini kama vile HGL, HKL au HGE.

Mjadala unaohusu ujinsia wa binadamu ni mjadla wa kisayansi kwa sehemu kubwa

Anahitajika mtu ambaye angalau alifaulu topiki ya GENETICS form four au mtu aliyesoma PCB ngazi ya A-Level.

Wewe naona huna competence ya kuutendea haki mjadaka huu.

In fact, ulianza gwaride kwa mguu wa kulia.

Right from the start ulishindwa kutofautisha kati ya USHOGA na ULAWITI.

That way no meaningful intellectual engagement.

This is My last dialectical comment against your deserving comments

 

[Rorscharch]

There is a difference between social engineering (social constructionism) and natural selection. PCB guys are good at explaining the difference.

Anahitajika mtu ambaye angalau alifaulu topiki ya GENETICS form four au mtu aliyesoma PCB ngazi ya A-Level.

I'm knowledgeable enough in the subject kuelewa kwamba there's no GAY GENE kuelezea kinachoendelea

 

[Rorscharch]

Right from the start ulishindwa kutofautisha kati ya USHOGA na ULAWITI.

Where exactly?

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

I'm knowledgeable enough in the subject kuelewa kwamba there's no GAY GENE kuelezea kinachoendelea

Disorders of sexual development are not about gay gene. Google the phrase. That is your homeworl

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

Where exactly?

Hapa ....

Na hapa pia...

Kwa hiyo....

Unaonekana kuongela "ushoga kama haki ya kibinadamu" kila wakati unapotaka kuongelea "ulawiti kama haki ya binadamu."

This is a conceptual confusion and terminological vagueness

Do something about these issues to revitalise the debate.

 

[Ibilisi Mjalaana]

Niliwahi andika humu Uzi juu ya tamaduni ya Ulawiti wa watoto Afghanistan ambao mpaka Viongozi wanahusika, Uzi ukafutwa

Ulawiti Kwa watoto upo kula eneo hapa Dunia, namm ntakuletea kesi za ulawiti ambavo vipo Kwenye academy za mpira tu hapo uingereza, Epstein file, pdidy, Jay z, Trump wote hao wapo kweny chain ya ngomo za watoto za lazma kwahyo mambo ya ulawiti uwez yaletea ushahid WA Moja Kwa Moja hasa kweny nchi ngumu ya Sheria Kali afghanistan

 

[Ibilisi Mjalaana]

Sio kila shoga ni mlawiti
Sio kila mlawiti ni shoga
Ukawiti ni uamuzi kama ambavyo utombaji ni uamuzi
Ushoga ni maumbile kama ambavyo uanaume na uanauke ni maumbile

Hakuna maumbile ya ushoga na ushoga HAUNA uhusiano na mambo ya maumbile.

Ushoga ni tabia kama vile WIZI, uzinzi, ulevi, uhalifu nk

 

[Doctor Mama Amon]

Hakuna maumbile ya ushoga na ushoga HAUNA uhusiano na mambo ya maumbile.

Ushoga ni tabia kama vile WIZI, uzinzi, ulevi, uhalifu nk

Vipengele vya wasifu wa kijinsia (sexual identity)

Kisemantiki, kila WASIFU WA KIJINSIA uliotajwa hapo juu, unaambatana na seti ya sifa zinazomtambulisha mtu ama kama mwamamume, mwanamke, hunta, au vinginevyo.

Kwa uchache wasifu wa kijinsia wa mtu unahusisha vipengele vifuatavyo:

1. Jenitalia za nje alizo nazo,
2. Jenitalia za ndani alizo nazo,
3. Uwezo wa kuzaa,
4. Kiwango cha homoni za estrogen alicho nacho mwili,
5. Kiwango cha homoni ya testosteron alicho nacho mwilini,
6. Fomati ya kromozomu aliyo nayo,
7. Kiwango cha nyege alicho nacho mwilini,
8. Uzito au wembamba wa sauti yake,
9. Maelekeo ya nyege za mhusika,
10. Matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na mhusika
11. Na kadhalika

Nitatoa mifano michache ya ufafanuzi:

Wasifu wa kijinsia wa kwanza:

• Normal Name: Normal male
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Testicles, Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Accessory Glands,
• External Genitals: Penis, scrotum
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Beards, pubic hair, deep voice, muscular.
• Sexual orientation: Female oriented libido (gynophilic)
• Testosterone to estrogen (T/E) ratio : Between 10:1 and 30:1
• Voice frequency: Deep
• Preferred sexual acts: Copulation (penis to vagina sex)

Wasifu wa kijinsia wa pili:

• Normal Name: Female
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XX
• Reproductive Internal Structures: The uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, Bartholin's glands, Skeen's glands.
• External Genitals: Mons Pubis, the vulva which includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening and Vestibule
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Breast Development, Widening of Hips, Pubic and Underarm Hair Growth, Changes in Body Fat Distribution, Skin Changes, Menstrual Cycle, Changes in Voice Pitch, Increased Bone Density, and Labia Minora Growth.
• Sexual orientation: Male oriented libido (androphilic):
• Testosterone to Estrogen (T/E) ratio: Less than that of males.
• Voice frequency: Soft
• Preferred sexual acts: Copulation (penis to vagina sex)

Kulingana na fomati ya kijenetiki, kitabu kilichoandikwa na Robert Crooks pamoja na Karlar Baur (2014:121), kiitwacho “Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth),” kuna nyasifu za kijinsia zenye ulemavu zipatazo 70.

Mifano michache ya nyasifu za kijinsia zenye ulemavu itatosha kuthibitisha mtazamo huu.

Wasifu wa tatu:

• Abnormality name: Fetally androgenized females
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XX
• Gonadal Sex: Ovaries
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Normal female
• External Genitals: ambiguous (typically more male than female)
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Normal female (individuals with adrenal malfunction must be treated with cortisone to avoid masculinization).
• Phenotype: Usually female, but significant level of dissatisfaction with female gender identity; oriented toward traditional male activities

Wasifu wa nne

• Abnormality name: Androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Lacks a normal set of either male or female internal structures
• External Genitals: Normal female genitals and a shallow vagina
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: At puberty, breast development and other signs of normal female sexual maturation appear, but menstruation does not occur.
• Phenotype: Female

Wasifu wa tano:

• Abnormality name: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) deficient males
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes at birth; testes descend at puberty
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts but no prostate; partially formed vagina
• External Genitals: ambiguous at birth (more female than male); at puberty, genitals are masculinized.
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Female before puberty; become masculinized at puberty.
• Phenotype: Female prior to puberty; majority assume traditional male identity at puberty.

Wasifu wa sita:

• Abnormality name: Turner’s syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 45XO
• Gonadal Sex: Fibrous streaks of ovarian tissue
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Uterus and fallopian tubes
• External Genitals: Normal female
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Undeveloped; no breasts
• Phenotype: Female

Wasifu wa saba:

• Abnormality name: Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 47XXY
• Gonadal Sex: Small testes
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Normal male
• External Genitals: Undersized penis and testes
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Some feminization of secondary sex characteristics; may have breast development and rounded body contours.
• Phenotype: Usually male, although higher than usual incidence of gender identity confusion

Tofauti kati ya hali ya kijinsia na tabia ya kijinsia

Kwa kuwa wasifu wa kijinsia unaanzia kwenye michakato ya kibayolojia, uchambuzi makini unatofautisha kati ya hali ya kimaumbile na tabia inayotokana na maamuzi ya mtu binafsi.

Hivyo, wanazuoni wananatofautisha kati ya hali ya ushoga wa kiume (uhomofilia wa kiume) na tabia ya ulawiti. Sio kila shoga wa kiume ni mlawiti au mlawitiwa.

Pia wanazuoni wanatofautisha kati ya hali ya ushoga wa kike (uhomofilia wa kike) na tabia ya usagaji. Sio kila shoga wa kike ni msagaji au msagwaji.

Hivyo, tunaweza kutunga sheria kuzuia tabia za ulawiti na usagaji, lakini hatuwezi kutunga sheria ya kuzuia hali ya ushoga wa kike au kuzuia hali ya ushoga wa kiume.

Ubainishaji wa aina tofauti za matendo ya ngono

Vipengele vilivyomo katika wasifu wa kijinsia hutusaidia kutofautisha hali na tabia za kijinsia walizo nazo wahusika chini ya kila wasifu wa kijinsia.

Katika wasifu huu, kIpengele kimojawapo kinataka tabia za kijinsia, yaani, matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na mhusika.

Lakini pia, kwa ajili ya makala hii, ni muhimu kujua ufanano na utofauti uliopo kati ya matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na makundi tofauti ya kijinsia.

Ni kwa njia hii pekee tutaweza kutofautisha kinaganaga kati ya haki na majukumu yanayowahusu watu walioko katika kila kundi la wasifu wa kijinsia.

Hapa, napendekeza kuyatofautisha na kuyafananisha matendo ya ngono yote yanayofahamika duniani kwa kutumia kigezo za "matokeo ya kibayolojia" yanayoweza kufuata baada ya tendo la ngono husika kutekelezwa.

Kwa mujibu wa mwanafalsafa wa Kiitaliano aitwaye Giovanni Montini (1968), katika makala yake yenye kichwa cha meneno, "Humanae Vitae," matendo yote ya ngono yanayofahamika yanaweza kutenganishwa katika makundi makuu mawili.

Kwa upande mmoja, kuna matendo ya ngono ambayo ni "alama asilia ya umoja na uzazi." Haya yanaweza kuleta matokeo ya "umoja na uzazi." Na kuna matendo ya ngono ambayo sio "alama asilia ya umoja na uzazi." Haya hayawezi kuleta matokeo ya "umoja na uzazi" kwa upande mwingine.

Nitaeleza maana ya maneno "umoja" na "uzazi" ili hatimaye nieleze maana ya "umoja na uzazi."

Nianze na maana ya neno "umoja." Kifalsafa, neno "umoja" linamaanisha "muungano".

Na "umoja" wa vitu viwili au zaidi hutegemea uwepo wa kitu cha ziada kinachoviunganisha vitu hivyo ili viweze kuhesabiwa kama muungano wa kitu kimoja kikubwa chenye sehemu nyingi, yaani "the unity of a compound thing."

Na kwa ujumla, kuna aina kuu mbili za umoja. Kuna umoja unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya vitu vinavyounda muungano (intrinsic unity).

Na kuna umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vinavyounda muungano (extrinsic unity).

Henu tuanze na mifano ya umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vinavyounda muungano.

1. Kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya wasafiri wawili, Juma na John, waliosafiri pamoja kwa basi la Happy Nation kwa sababu wanaunganishwa na basi walilosafiria kwa masaa kadhaa.
2. Kuna umoja kati ya seti ya Wanafunzi waliosoma pamoja katika shule ya Msingi Mtakuja kwa sababu wanaunganishwa na eneo la shule hiyo walikosoma pamoja kwa miaka kadhaa.
3. Na kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya watianaji wawili, Peter na Lydia, wanaotumia kitanda kama eneo la kutiana, kwa sababu kitandani kinawaunganisha wahusika wakati wote wa dakika za kutiana.

Lakini, basi, shule na kitanda ni sifa zilizo nje ya watu wanaosemwa kuwa na umoja fulani.

Kwa hiyo umoja wao ni "umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vilivyoungana" yaani "extrinsic unity".

Sasa tuangalie mifano ya umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo ndani ya vitu vilivyoungana na kuunda kitu kimoja kikubwa.

1. Kuna umoja kati ya Viungo vya mwili vipatavyo 100 katika mwili wa mtu anayeitwa kiumbehai chenye mwili mmoja kwa sababu viungo hivi vinaunganishwa na uhai wa mwili mmoja vinaoshirikiana kuupigania.
2. Kuna umoja kati ya Watanzania na serikali iliyotokana na ridhaa yao halali kwa sababu ridhaa huru za wapiga kura halali, badala ya kura bandia, zinaunganishwa na mchakato mmoja wa uchaguzi halali kusimika serikali.
3. Kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya wazazi, Emma na Anna, waliomzaa mtoto aitwaye Anna, kwa sababu mtoto Anna ni kiunganishi chao cha kibayolojia kilichotokana na uwezo wao asilia wa kuzaa.
4. Na kuna umoja kati ya atomu mbili za elementi ya Haidrojeni na atomu moja ya elementi ya Oksijeni zinazoungana kikemikali kuunda molekyuli moja ya maji ya kunywa kwa kutumia valensi zenye kukamilishana zilizo katika muundo wa atomu za Haidrojeni na Oksijeni.

Katika mifano hii, uhai, uchaguzi huru, mtoto, na valensi zinazokamilishana, ni sifa za ndani ya vitu vinavyosemwa kuwa na umoja.

Kwa hiyo, neno "umoja" linazo maana nyingi kwa kuzingatia chimbuko la umoja unaoongelewa.

Katika mjadala wa sasa tutaongelea umoja wa aina tatu unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya watianaji. Hatutaongelea umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya watianaji.

Hapa kuna "umoja wa kikemikali," "umoja wa kisaikolojia-na-kimwili" au tuseme "umoja wa kisaikomwili" na "umoja wa kiuzazi." Nitafafanua.

Kulingana na taasisi iitwayo Sophia Institute for Teachers (2020:96-97), katika kitabu chao, “Spirit of Truth: High School Course 6 (USA: Sophia Institute for Teachers),” umoja unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya wahusika kwenye tendo la ngono unaanzia kwenye homoni ya mahaba iitwayo "oxytocin."

Homoni ya "oxytocin" ni kemikali ambayo huzalishwa mwilini watu wawili kwa moigo pale watu hawa wanapozoeana kwa sababu ya kuishi katka ukaribu unaoruhusu urafiki kujengeka.

Yaani, ni Kwa sababu ya mazoea kati yao homoni ya "oxytocin" huzalishwa katika miili yao.

Na Kwa sababu ya homoni hii, wahusika hujikuta wanaanza kutamaniana kingono na kulazimika kuwasiliana kimahaba.

Hatimaye wahusika huvutiana kwa kiwango cha kuanzisha mahusiano ya kingono.

Muungano wa kingono wa aina hii unakuza tunu ya urafiki kati ya wahusika, ambayo ni mojawapo ya tunu za msingi za kiutu.

Aidha Mahusiano ya kingono huwaletea utulivu wa nafsi katika ngazi ya mwili na kiakili (psycho-somatic integrity), ambayo ni mojawapi ya tunu za msingi za kiutu.

Utulivu wa nafsi hufuatia mabadiliko ya kimwili yanayoambatana na mchakato wa tendo la ngono unaoweza kuhitimishwa na mshindo mara nyingi.

Kadiri mahusiano ya kingono yanavyoendelea kati ya wahusika ndivyo homoni nyingi zaidi ya oxytocin inavyozalishwa.

Kadiri homoni nyingi zaidi inavyozalishwa ndivyo hamu ya kukutana tena na tena kingono inavyoongezeka.

Kadiri matukio ya kukutana kingono yanavyoongezeka ndivyo uwezekano wa kupata mimba unavyoongezeka, kama wahusika ni mwanamume na mwanamke wenye uwezo wa kizaaa.

Mimba ikitokea, mtoto akazaliwa, wahusika wanaitwa wazazi. Siku moja wazazi watapata wajukuu na vitukuu, wataitwa mababu na mabibi.

Ukoo wa binadamu unasonga mbele namna hiyo kutokana na matendo ya ngono ya jenitalia kwa jenitalia kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume wasiotumia kingamimba.

Katika orodha yetu ya awali, kuna aina tatu za wasifu wa kijinsia zinazoweza kufanya matendo ya ngono yanayoweza kuleta matokeo "umoja na uzazi". Hapa kuna:

1. Mwanamke (female cisgender),
2. Mwanamume (male cisgender),
3. Mwanamke au mwanamume anayepinga ubaguzi wa kijinsia (Straight ally/Ally),

Kwa ufupi, tendo la ngono linaweza kuleta matokeo ya kibayolojia tuliyoyataja kama "umoja na uzazi" linaweza kuleta matokeo matatu, kwani neno "umoja" linabeba maana mbili hapa. Kuna:

• Umoja wa kikemia (chemical unity) kati watu wawili wanaoshiriki tendo la ngono ,
• Umoja wa kimwili na kiakili (psycho-somatic unity) kwa kila mshiriki watendo la ngono, na
• Umoja wa kiuzazi (parental unity) kwa sababu ya mchakato unaosababisha mimba na mtoto anayeweza kufuata.

Mbali na tendo la ngono ya jenitalia kwa jenitalia kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume ambao hawajatumia kingamimba, hakuna tendo la ngono l8ngine lenye uwezo wa kuleta matokeo yote matatu, kama yalivyoorodheshwa hapo juu.

Badala yake, kuna matendo ya ngono yanayoweza kuleta matokeo mawili ya kwanza, pasipo uwezekano wa kuleta tokeo la tatu, yaani "umoja wa kiuzazi."

Matendo hayo ni pamoja na:

• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na pura ya mwanamke, yaani ulawiti wa mwanamke (male-to-female pedication),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na pura ya mwanamume, yaani ulawiti wa mwanamume (male-to-male pedication),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia za kike, yaani usagaji (tribadism),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na mdomo (felatio),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kike na mdomo (cunilingus),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na mapaja (thigh sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na matiti (inter-breast sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na kwapa (armpit sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia na vidole (manual masturbation),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na jenitalia ya kike ukiambatana na matumizi ya kingamimba kama vile kondomu au kidonge (contracepted sex).

NI kwa kuzingatia mantiki hii, tunaweza kusema kwa usahihi kwamba, mwanafalsafa Giovanni Montini (1968), katika makala yake iitwayo "Humanae Vitae," alikusudia kutetea rais isemayo kwamba:

"There is an inseparable natural connection between the chemically unitive significance, psycho-somatically unitive significance and the procreatively unitive significance which are triply intrinsic and inherent to the uncontracepted penis-in-vagina sexual acts as opposed to all other sexual acts." (Giovanni Montini (1968), Humanae Vitae, paragrapg 12 paraphrased)
Kanuni hii ya "pembetatu ya umoja wa kikemikali, kisaikomwili na kiuzazi" ndio inachora msitari ulionyooka kati ya matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na watu wa jinsia tofauti, kwa upande mmoja, na matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na watu wa jinsia moja, kwa upande mwingine.

Hii ni hoja ya kifalsafa na kisayansi, japo inaungwa mkono na ushahidi wa kiteolojia, hasa teolojia inayoongelea "jozi ya mke na mume kama mwili mmoja".

Wasifu wa kijinsia na uswa wa haki za binadamu

Awali ya yote, napenda kusema kuwa, kwa kutumia kigezo hiki cha "pembetatu ya umoja wa kikemikali, kisaikomwili na kiuzazi" watetezi wa haki za kijinsia wenye kuongelea "the right to marital equality" kati ya wapenzi wa jinsia moja na wapenzi wa jinsia tofauti wanapoteza hoja.

Ukweli ni kwamba, japo "umoja wa kisaikomwili" na "umoja wa kikemikali" vinawezekana kupitia matendo ya ngono kati ya watu wa jinsia moja, lakini "umoja wa kiuzazi" hauwezekani kamwe.

Na kwa hiyo, kulingana na kanuni za semilojia, zinzotofautusha kati ya "symbolic signs," "iconic signs" na "indexical signs", matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na wapenzi wa jinsia moja hayawezi kuwa "indexical signs," na hivyo hayawezi kuwa "alama asilia ya umoja wa kiuzazi."

Kwa hiyo, kwa kutumia kigezo hiki, wanazuoni wanaosema kwamba hakuna usawa kati ya ndoa ya jinsia moja na ndoa ya jinsia tofauti wako sahihi.

Kwa kiwango hiki nawaunga mkono Kwa sababu ya jawabu linalojitokeza pale swali lifuatalo linapoulizwa:

What is marriage and which sexual unions count as one?
Hili ni swali lenye sehemu mbili. Jawabu la sehemu ya kwanza ya Swali ndio linaamua jawabu kwa sehemu ya pili ya swali.

Kuhusu sehemu ya kwanza ya swali, neno "ndoa" ni kibadilika (variable) kinachoweza kubeba maana zaidi ya moja.

Hapa kuna majibu kama vile ndoa ya jinsia tofauti, ndoa ya jinsia moja, ndoa ya wagumba, ndoa ya wazazi, na kadhalika.

Kuhusu ndoa ya watu wa jinsia tofauti jawabu ni kwamba:

Marriage is a relatively permanent and exclusive sexual union between two persons which is specified by sexual acts which simultaneously manifest chemically unitive significance, psycho-somatically unitive significance and the procreatively unitive significance.
Na kuhusu ndoa ya watu wa jinsia moja jawabu ni kwamba:

Marriage is a relatively permanent and exclusive sexual union between two persons which is specified by sexual acts which simultaneously manifest chemically unitive significance and psycho-somatically unitive significance to the exclusion of procreatively unitive significance
Ni kwa sababu ya tofauti hii katika fasili, ndoa za jinsia moja hazitambuliwi kisheria katika sehemu nyingi duniani, na Tanzania ikiwemo.

Sababu ni kwamba, ndoa hizi hazina mchango mkubwa katika kukuza na kuhami maslahi mapana ya kitaifa kwa sababu ya kukosa uwezo wa kuleta "umoja wa kiuzazi" ambayo ni tunu ya kijinsia iliyo muhimu katika ustawi wa taifa.

Yaani, kwa sehemu kubwa, sheria za ndoa zinahangaika kukuza na kuhami kwa mpigo tunu tatu za kijinsia: umoja wa kikemikali, umoja wa kisaikomwili na umoja wa kiuzazi.

Hata hivyo, watu wote, bila kujali nani anaanguka katika wasifu wa kijinsia upi ni wanufaika wa haki zote za binadamu zilizotajwa kwenye Tangazo la Dunia la Haki za Watu.

Chimbuko la aina tofauti za wasifu wa kijinsia

Kitaalam tunasema kuwa wasifu wa kijinsia ni zao la mabadiliko ya kijinsia katika ngazi ya vinasaba na homoni.

Kama mabadiliko haya yakifuata ramani ya kawaida tunapata mwanamke au mwanamume. Hapa kuna Normal Sexual Development.

Lakini, Kama mabadiliko haya yakishindwa kufuata ramani ya kawaida tunapata mtoto mwenye wasifu tata wa kijinsia. Hapa kuna Disorders of Sexual Developments.

Hapa chini, tutaona kwa kifupi jinsi wasifu wa kijinsia wa kawaida na wasifu wa kijinsia wenye ulemavu unavyotokea.

Lengo la ufafanuzi unaofuata ni kuonyesha kwamba, ni ujinga kusema Vidacom au Tigo wanaeneza uanaume, au wanaeneza uanauke, au wanaeneza uhunta, au wanaeneza ushoga, au wanaeneza usagaji. Hizi ni hali asilia.

Zinaenezwa na kanuni za maumbile Kutokana na ulemavu wa kijenetiki.

Kuna tofauti kati ya hali na tabia. Wasifu wa kijinsia unajumuisha hali na tabia. Watu wana maamuzi juu ya tabia zao lakini hawana maamuzi juu ya hali zao asilia.

Na kina Voda na kina Tigo hawawezi kubadilisha nyasifu za kijinsia walizo nazo watanzania, baadhi yake zikiwa zina ulemavu wa kijenetiki.

Chimbuko wa wasifu wa kijinsia wa kawaida

According to Speroff and Fritz (2005) and Carlson (2013), the process of sex determination for the unborn child is governed by several genes within the first seven weeks of pregnancy. This process goes through five main stages.

(a) Determination of the sex of the child at the cellular level (chromosome sex) during fertilization is explained in terms of the following steps.

(i) Through sexual intercourse, a male sperm with 23 chromosomes, including 22 chromosomes called "X" and one called "Y," unites with a female egg with 23 chromosomes called "X", creating a new compound cell having 46 chromosomes, which is called a zygote.

(ii) So, the result of the fertilization an egg by a sperm is a zygote capable of undergoing cell division to form a new individual.

(iii) Thus, this zygote can have either 46 chromosomes with a female format, that is, 'XX' (46XX Female), or 46 chromosomes with a male format, that is, XY (46XY Male).

(iv) In this first stage of sex determination, the pregnancy has a neutral reproductive system. Instead, there is a "tissue" having three parts: two bipotential gonads, two Mullerian ducts and two Wolfian ducts.

(v) Depending on the circumstances of the time, the bipotential gonads and their ducts can turn into male genitalia or female genitalia.

(vi) Thus, chromosomal sex answers the questions: Does the person have 44+XX chromosome structure that is typical of normal female persons? or Does the person have 44+XY chromosome structure that is typical of normal male persons?

(vii) A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(b) In the seventh week of pregnancy, witnesses the establishment of the sex of the child at the level of the gonad (gonadal sex). At this point, the two bipotential gonads, either will turn into female ovaries or will turn into male testicles.

(i) If the bipotential gonads turn into ovaries, the pregnancy of a female child is established. And if they turn into testicles, the pregnancy of a male child is established. These changes occur in the fifty-day-old pregnancy.

(ii) This stage is controlled by several genes, but the most important gene are the "sex determining region Y gene, that is “SRY gene." The "SRY gene" is a gene found at one end of the "Y" chromosome, which is the male chromosome.

(iii) The job of the "SRY gene" is to produce a chemical that turns the bipotential gonads into testicles. That chemical is a protein called called "testicle determining factor (TDF)."

(iv) The availability of SRY and TDF forces the two free gonads to turn into testicles, so that, a male pregnancy is achieved. This is an event in the seventh week of pregnancy.

(v) On the other hand, the absence of SRY and TDF allows the bipotential gonads to acquire the 'XX' genetic format, and hence to turn into ovaries, and thus, to facilitate a female pregnancy. This is an event in the seventh week of pregnancy.

(vi) Thus, if a child is born as a complete male, he has a genetic system having an "XY" format which is accompanied by the "existence" of "SRY gene." That is, he has a genetic structure having the format of “46XY Male, SRY+.”

(vii) On the other hand, if a child is born as a full female, she will have a genetic system having the format of "XX" being accompanied by the "lack" of an "SRY gene." That is, she will have a genetic makeup having the format “46XX Female, SRY-.”

(viii) So under stage two, two types of sex emerge. We have genetic sex and gonadal sex.

(ix) In short, genetic sex answers the questions: Does the person have genes that determine sexual development that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person lack the genes that determine sexual development that is typical of normal female persons?

(x) And gonadal sex answers the questions: Does the person have two testicles that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have two ovaries that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(c) The third stage is the determination of sex at the genital level and several parts of the body, thus giving it a special morphology/appearance (genital sex).

(i) This stage is controlled by male hormones, such as testosterone, which is produced in the testes of the male fetus; and female hormones, such as estrogen, which is produced in the ovaries of the female fetus.

(ii) At this stage, the female fetus acquires the following external genitalia: the vulva, the vagina, the cervix and the urethra. In addition, a woman gets the following internal genitalia: the reproductive tract, uterus, two fallopian tubes and ovaries.

(iii) The male pregnancy, gets the following external genitalia: a penis and two testicles that descend into his pouch. In addition, the male pregnancy acquires the following internal genitalia: the prostate, the epididymis, the seminal vesicles, and the vas deferens.

(iv) Thus, at this stage, two types of sex emerge too. They are internal genetic sex and external genetic sex.

(v) Internal-genital sex answers the questions: Does the person have sperm transport system that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have the uterus, oviducts, and upper vagina that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(vi) And external-genital sex answers the questions: Does the person have a penis and scrotum that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have clitoris and vulva that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(d) The fourth stage is puberty sex differentiation, which is determined by the production of male and female sex hormones which starts after adolescence.

(i) These hormones have both physical and psychological effect to the growing person. So, we can talk about three types of sex so far, namely: hormonal sex, pubertal sex, and psychological sex.

(ii) Hormonal sex answers the questions: Does the person have hormones that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have hormones that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(iii) Pubertal sex answers the questions: Does the person have Adam’s apple, beards, pubic hair, body shape and skeletal growth that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have breast development, menstrual cycle system, and body shape typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(iv) And psychological sex answers the questions: Does the person have an androphilic sexual orientation that is typical of normal female persons? or Does the person have gynophilic sexual orientation that is typical of normal male persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(v) In summary, concerning the science of normal sexual differentiation, we have seen the following: That, the chromosomal sex of the embryo is established at fertilization.

This stage of embryonic development is sexually differentiated at a genetic level, but having sexually indifferent gonads. However, after six weeks of pregnancy further signs of sex differentiation are noticed.

This process of sex differentiation involves a series of events whereby the sexually indifferent gonads progressively acquire male or female characteristics. The process of gonadal determination is governed by a complex network of genes, including the SRY gene, whose balanced expression levels either activate the testis pathway and simultaneously repress the ovarian pathway or vice versa.

Subsequently, internal and external genitalia will follow the male pathway in the presence of androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), or the female pathway in the absence of these hormones.

(e) As such, we can scientifically talk about eight categories of human sex, namely: chromosomal sex, genetic sex, gonadal sex, internal-genital sex, external-genital sex, pubertal sex, hormonal sex, and psychological sex.

(f) And, in conclusion, then, we can confidently say that, the normal sexual orientation of an individual person, whether androphilic or gynophilic, is congenital and not volitional, natural and not chosen.

(g) In the case of male pregnancy, it results from the presence of the following factors: SRY gene, a protein called TDF, anti-Mullerian hormone, and other factors.

(h) And in the case female pregnancy, it results from the absence of the following factors: SRY gene, a protein called TDF, anti-Mullerian hormone, and other factors. The fact of absence as a causal factor is explained above.

Chimbuko wa wasifu wa kijinsia wenye ulemavu

Is the existence of a condition of an abnormal sexual orientation scientifically supported? Our findings in response to this question are as follows, based on a sound theory of disorders of sex development (DSD):

(a) Just as there are persons with disabilities at a physical level having impaired parts of their bodies, such as squinting eyes, left-handedness, and other persons with disabilities(PWDs), there are PWDs at a sexual level too.

(b) For example, if a person has two genitals, namely, a "penis" and a "vagina," with one of them not functioning properly, then, that is a person with disability at a sexual level. This is a hermaphrodite.

(c) The science of abnormal sexual differentiation, refers to this abnormal phenomenon as a disorder of sexual development (DSD).

(d) According to the works of Vogel and Motulsky (2009) along with Crooks and Baur (2014) the origins of "Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD)," can be explained scientifically.

(e) Earlier we saw that, if a child is born as a normal male, he will have a genetic system having the format "46XY ME, SRY+." On the other hand, we said that, if a child is born as a normal female, she will have a genetic system having the format "46XX KE, SRY-."

(f) But unfortunately, if it happens that a pregnancy with a genetic system having the format "XY" is accompanied by a broken "Y" chromosome which has suffered a partial or total loss of an "SRY gene," then, serious genetic consequences will occur to the pregnancy, as discussed next.

(g) First, this pregnancy will not receive the Testicle Determining Factor (TDF), which is the "protein that triggers the growth of testicles," so that the child can be born male.

(h) Instead, despite the fact that the pregnancy has a male genetic format of 'XY,' at the chromosomal level, this pregnancy will develop ovaries as if the pregnancy had a female genetic format of 'XX,' which is the female genetic format, at the chromosomal level.

(i) Finally, a child will be born who is male at the cellular level, while he is female at the gonadal level. He will be a person with sexual disability at a sexual level, having a genetic format of "46XY Female, SRY-."

(j) Her ovaries will produce female hormones, and she will have a female morphology, while inside she has cells having a male format. She will be a genotypical male, who is a phenotypical female.

(k) This disorder of sexual development brings about a change which is called “male-to-female sex reversal.” So, this is how a man with a feminine appearance, like Caster Semenya, a South African athlete, comes into the world.

(l) Unfortunately again, if it happens that, a pregnancy with a genetic format of 'XX' is accompanied by an X chromosome that has picked up a "SRY gene," after it has accidentally broken off and dropped from the Y chromosome, serious consequences will befall the pregnancy too.

(m) First, this pregnancy gets "testicular growth protein," that is TDF, causing the child to be born with male genitalia.

(n) For this reason, despite the fact that the pregnancy has a genetic format of 'XX,' which is a female format, it will still produce testicles, as if the pregnancy had a genetic format of 'XY,' which is a male format .

(o) Finally, a child will be born with a female gender at the cellular level, while he has a male gender at the gonad level. He will be a genotypical female and a phenotypical male. He will be a person with disability at a sexual level having a genetic format of “46XX Male, SRY+.”

(p) His testicles will produce male hormones, and he will have a male morphology, while inside he has cells having a female format. This disorder of sexual development brings about a change which is called “female-to-male sex reversal.” This is how a woman with a masculine appearance can come into being.

(q) Again, if the "SRY gene” does not completely drop from the "Y" chromosome, then, male to female sex reversal, or female to male sex reversal, as the case may be, will be partial. As result, the pregnancy may have male genitalia and female genitalia.

(r) This is how hermaphrodites happen. In the modern terminology, they are otherwise called intersexed persons or simply intersexuals.

Hitimisho na mapendekezo

Napenda kuhitimisha uchambuzi huu kwa kusema mambo matatu:

Mosi, itikadi ya uhalisia wa kimaumbile (immanent realism) inatufundisha kwamba tunapoongea tunatumia maneno yenye kuwakilisha mawazo yetu kuhusu vitu tunavyoviona katika mazingira yaliyokizunguka kichwa.

Yaani mawazo yetu yanapaswa kukubaliana na uhalisia wa mambo katika mazingira yetu. Pale mawazo na mazingira yetu vikipishana tunakuwa tumepindisha ukweli.

Pili, itikadi ya uhandisi wa kijamii (social constructionism) inatufundisha kwamba tunaweza kikaa vikao na kukubaliana kubuni ukweli wa kijamii na kutumia vikao hivyo kufuta ukweli huo.

Mfano mzuri ni vikao vya bunge vinavyotunga na kufumua sheria.

Na tatu, ujinsia wa binadamu unaongozwa na itikadi zote mbili lakini hatuna mamlaka ya kubuni ukweli wa kijamii (social facts) unaopingana na ukweli wa kimaumbile (brute facts).

Kwa hiyo, sisi kama Taifa tunao wajibu wa kutambua na kuheshimu kila wasifu wa kijinsia unaofahamika kutokana na tafiti za kisayansi na kisha kuweka mfumo wa kisheria wa kukuza na kuhami haki asilia za kila kundi linalohusiana na wasifu wa kijinsia husika.

Kwa maoni yangu haki za kijinsia zinazokubaliana na kanuni ya heshima ya utu wa binadamu ni haki za binadamu zinazopaswa kukuzwa na kulindwa. Haki hizo ni pamoja na:

• Haki ya kuwa hhuru dhidi ya mabavu ya kingono
• Haki ya kuwa huru dhidi ya unyonyaji wa kijinsia
• Hali ya uhuru wa kufunga ndoa na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Haki ya uhuru wa kuzaa na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Hali ya uhuru wa kuanzisha mahusiano ya kingono na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Haki ya uhuru wa kutenganisha ngono na uzazi ili kufurahia tendo la ngono bila hofu ya mimba
• Haki ya uhuru wa watu wagumba kutafuta mtoto kwa njia za kisasa
• Haki ya uhuru dhidi ya unyanyapaa wa kijamii dhidi ya mtu kwa sababu ya wasifu wa kijinsia aliozaliwa nao
• Na uhuru wa kunufaika na haki zote za binadamu zilizotajwa kwenye Tangazo la dunia na Haki za Watu bila ubaguzi wowote kwa sababu ya wasifu wa kijinsia alio nao mtu

Mjadala uendelee.

Marejeo yaliyotumika

1. Leon Speroff and Marc Fritz (2005), Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 8th Edition (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).
2. Elof Axel Carlson (2013), The 7 Sexes: Biology of Sex Determination (Bloomington: Indiana. University Press).
3. Friedrich Vogel and Arno G. Motulsky (2009), Human Genetics: Problems and Approaches (Berlin, New York: Springer)
4. Robert Crooks and Karlar Baur(2014), entitled “Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth)
5. Sophia Institute for Teachers (2020), Spirit of Truth: High School Course 6 (USA: Sophia Institute for Teachers).
6. Robert Crooks and Karlar Baur (2014), Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth)

 

[Ibilisi Mjalaana]

Vipengele vya wasifu wa kijinsia (sexual identity)

Kisemantiki, kila WASIFU WA KIJINSIA uliotajwa hapo juu, unaambatana na seti ya sifa zinazomtambulisha mtu ama kama mwamamume, mwanamke, hunta, au vinginevyo.

Kwa uchache wasifu wa kijinsia wa mtu unahusisha vipengele vifuatavyo:

1. Jenitalia za nje alizo nazo,
2. Jenitalia za ndani alizo nazo,
3. Uwezo wa kuzaa,
4. Kiwango cha homoni za estrogen alicho nacho mwili,
5. Kiwango cha homoni ya testosteron alicho nacho mwilini,
6. Fomati ya kromozomu aliyo nayo,
7. Kiwango cha nyege alicho nacho mwilini,
8. Uzito au wembamba wa sauti yake,
9. Maelekeo ya nyege za mhusika,
10. Matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na mhusika
11. Na kadhalika

Nitatoa mifano michache ya ufafanuzi:

Wasifu wa kijinsia wa kwanza:

• Normal Name: Normal male
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Testicles, Epididymis, Vas Deferens, Accessory Glands,
• External Genitals: Penis, scrotum
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Beards, pubic hair, deep voice, muscular.
• Sexual orientation: Female oriented libido (gynophilic)
• Testosterone to estrogen (T/E) ratio : Between 10:1 and 30:1
• Voice frequency: Deep
• Preferred sexual acts: Copulation (penis to vagina sex)

Wasifu wa kijinsia wa pili:

• Normal Name: Female
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XX
• Reproductive Internal Structures: The uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, Bartholin's glands, Skeen's glands.
• External Genitals: Mons Pubis, the vulva which includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening and Vestibule
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Breast Development, Widening of Hips, Pubic and Underarm Hair Growth, Changes in Body Fat Distribution, Skin Changes, Menstrual Cycle, Changes in Voice Pitch, Increased Bone Density, and Labia Minora Growth.
• Sexual orientation: Male oriented libido (androphilic):
• Testosterone to Estrogen (T/E) ratio: Less than that of males.
• Voice frequency: Soft
• Preferred sexual acts: Copulation (penis to vagina sex)

Kulingana na fomati ya kijenetiki, kitabu kilichoandikwa na Robert Crooks pamoja na Karlar Baur (2014:121), kiitwacho “Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth),” kuna nyasifu za kijinsia zenye ulemavu zipatazo 70.

Mifano michache ya nyasifu za kijinsia zenye ulemavu itatosha kuthibitisha mtazamo huu.

Wasifu wa tatu:

• Abnormality name: Fetally androgenized females
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XX
• Gonadal Sex: Ovaries
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Normal female
• External Genitals: ambiguous (typically more male than female)
• Fertility status: Fertile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Normal female (individuals with adrenal malfunction must be treated with cortisone to avoid masculinization).
• Phenotype: Usually female, but significant level of dissatisfaction with female gender identity; oriented toward traditional male activities

Wasifu wa nne

• Abnormality name: Androgen insensitivity syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Lacks a normal set of either male or female internal structures
• External Genitals: Normal female genitals and a shallow vagina
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: At puberty, breast development and other signs of normal female sexual maturation appear, but menstruation does not occur.
• Phenotype: Female

Wasifu wa tano:

• Abnormality name: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) deficient males
• Chromosomal Sex: 46XY
• Gonadal Sex: Undescended testes at birth; testes descend at puberty
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory ducts but no prostate; partially formed vagina
• External Genitals: ambiguous at birth (more female than male); at puberty, genitals are masculinized.
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Female before puberty; become masculinized at puberty.
• Phenotype: Female prior to puberty; majority assume traditional male identity at puberty.

Wasifu wa sita:

• Abnormality name: Turner’s syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 45XO
• Gonadal Sex: Fibrous streaks of ovarian tissue
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Uterus and fallopian tubes
• External Genitals: Normal female
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Undeveloped; no breasts
• Phenotype: Female

Wasifu wa saba:

• Abnormality name: Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Chromosomal Sex: 47XXY
• Gonadal Sex: Small testes
• Reproductive Internal Structures: Normal male
• External Genitals: Undersized penis and testes
• Fertility status: Sterile
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Some feminization of secondary sex characteristics; may have breast development and rounded body contours.
• Phenotype: Usually male, although higher than usual incidence of gender identity confusion

Tofauti kati ya hali ya kijinsia na tabia ya kijinsia

Kwa kuwa wasifu wa kijinsia unaanzia kwenye michakato ya kibayolojia, uchambuzi makini unatofautisha kati ya hali ya kimaumbile na tabia inayotokana na maamuzi ya mtu binafsi.

Hivyo, wanazuoni wananatofautisha kati ya hali ya ushoga wa kiume (uhomofilia wa kiume) na tabia ya ulawiti. Sio kila shoga wa kiume ni mlawiti au mlawitiwa.

Pia wanazuoni wanatofautisha kati ya hali ya ushoga wa kike (uhomofilia wa kike) na tabia ya usagaji. Sio kila shoga wa kike ni msagaji au msagwaji.

Hivyo, tunaweza kutunga sheria kuzuia tabia za ulawiti na usagaji, lakini hatuwezi kutunga sheria ya kuzuia hali ya ushoga wa kike au kuzuia hali ya ushoga wa kiume.

Ubainishaji wa aina tofauti za matendo ya ngono

Vipengele vilivyomo katika wasifu wa kijinsia hutusaidia kutofautisha hali na tabia za kijinsia walizo nazo wahusika chini ya kila wasifu wa kijinsia.

Katika wasifu huu, kIpengele kimojawapo kinataka tabia za kijinsia, yaani, matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na mhusika.

Lakini pia, kwa ajili ya makala hii, ni muhimu kujua ufanano na utofauti uliopo kati ya matendo ya ngono yanayopendelewa na makundi tofauti ya kijinsia.

Ni kwa njia hii pekee tutaweza kutofautisha kinaganaga kati ya haki na majukumu yanayowahusu watu walioko katika kila kundi la wasifu wa kijinsia.

Hapa, napendekeza kuyatofautisha na kuyafananisha matendo ya ngono yote yanayofahamika duniani kwa kutumia kigezo za "matokeo ya kibayolojia" yanayoweza kufuata baada ya tendo la ngono husika kutekelezwa.

Kwa mujibu wa mwanafalsafa wa Kiitaliano aitwaye Giovanni Montini (1968), katika makala yake yenye kichwa cha meneno, "Humanae Vitae," matendo yote ya ngono yanayofahamika yanaweza kutenganishwa katika makundi makuu mawili.

Kwa upande mmoja, kuna matendo ya ngono ambayo ni "alama asilia ya umoja na uzazi." Haya yanaweza kuleta matokeo ya "umoja na uzazi." Na kuna matendo ya ngono ambayo sio "alama asilia ya umoja na uzazi." Haya hayawezi kuleta matokeo ya "umoja na uzazi" kwa upande mwingine.

Nitaeleza maana ya maneno "umoja" na "uzazi" ili hatimaye nieleze maana ya "umoja na uzazi."

Nianze na maana ya neno "umoja." Kifalsafa, neno "umoja" linamaanisha "muungano".

Na "umoja" wa vitu viwili au zaidi hutegemea uwepo wa kitu cha ziada kinachoviunganisha vitu hivyo ili viweze kuhesabiwa kama muungano wa kitu kimoja kikubwa chenye sehemu nyingi, yaani "the unity of a compound thing."

Na kwa ujumla, kuna aina kuu mbili za umoja. Kuna umoja unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya vitu vinavyounda muungano (intrinsic unity).

Na kuna umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vinavyounda muungano (extrinsic unity).

Henu tuanze na mifano ya umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vinavyounda muungano.

1. Kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya wasafiri wawili, Juma na John, waliosafiri pamoja kwa basi la Happy Nation kwa sababu wanaunganishwa na basi walilosafiria kwa masaa kadhaa.
2. Kuna umoja kati ya seti ya Wanafunzi waliosoma pamoja katika shule ya Msingi Mtakuja kwa sababu wanaunganishwa na eneo la shule hiyo walikosoma pamoja kwa miaka kadhaa.
3. Na kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya watianaji wawili, Peter na Lydia, wanaotumia kitanda kama eneo la kutiana, kwa sababu kitandani kinawaunganisha wahusika wakati wote wa dakika za kutiana.

Lakini, basi, shule na kitanda ni sifa zilizo nje ya watu wanaosemwa kuwa na umoja fulani.

Kwa hiyo umoja wao ni "umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya vitu vilivyoungana" yaani "extrinsic unity".

Sasa tuangalie mifano ya umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo ndani ya vitu vilivyoungana na kuunda kitu kimoja kikubwa.

1. Kuna umoja kati ya Viungo vya mwili vipatavyo 100 katika mwili wa mtu anayeitwa kiumbehai chenye mwili mmoja kwa sababu viungo hivi vinaunganishwa na uhai wa mwili mmoja vinaoshirikiana kuupigania.
2. Kuna umoja kati ya Watanzania na serikali iliyotokana na ridhaa yao halali kwa sababu ridhaa huru za wapiga kura halali, badala ya kura bandia, zinaunganishwa na mchakato mmoja wa uchaguzi halali kusimika serikali.
3. Kuna umoja kati ya jozi ya wazazi, Emma na Anna, waliomzaa mtoto aitwaye Anna, kwa sababu mtoto Anna ni kiunganishi chao cha kibayolojia kilichotokana na uwezo wao asilia wa kuzaa.
4. Na kuna umoja kati ya atomu mbili za elementi ya Haidrojeni na atomu moja ya elementi ya Oksijeni zinazoungana kikemikali kuunda molekyuli moja ya maji ya kunywa kwa kutumia valensi zenye kukamilishana zilizo katika muundo wa atomu za Haidrojeni na Oksijeni.

Katika mifano hii, uhai, uchaguzi huru, mtoto, na valensi zinazokamilishana, ni sifa za ndani ya vitu vinavyosemwa kuwa na umoja.

Kwa hiyo, neno "umoja" linazo maana nyingi kwa kuzingatia chimbuko la umoja unaoongelewa.

Katika mjadala wa sasa tutaongelea umoja wa aina tatu unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya watianaji. Hatutaongelea umoja unaotokana na sifa zilizo nje ya watianaji.

Hapa kuna "umoja wa kikemikali," "umoja wa kisaikolojia-na-kimwili" au tuseme "umoja wa kisaikomwili" na "umoja wa kiuzazi." Nitafafanua.

Kulingana na taasisi iitwayo Sophia Institute for Teachers (2020:96-97), katika kitabu chao, “Spirit of Truth: High School Course 6 (USA: Sophia Institute for Teachers),” umoja unaotokana na sifa za ndani ya wahusika kwenye tendo la ngono unaanzia kwenye homoni ya mahaba iitwayo "oxytocin."

Homoni ya "oxytocin" ni kemikali ambayo huzalishwa mwilini watu wawili kwa moigo pale watu hawa wanapozoeana kwa sababu ya kuishi katka ukaribu unaoruhusu urafiki kujengeka.

Yaani, ni Kwa sababu ya mazoea kati yao homoni ya "oxytocin" huzalishwa katika miili yao.

Na Kwa sababu ya homoni hii, wahusika hujikuta wanaanza kutamaniana kingono na kulazimika kuwasiliana kimahaba.

Hatimaye wahusika huvutiana kwa kiwango cha kuanzisha mahusiano ya kingono.

Muungano wa kingono wa aina hii unakuza tunu ya urafiki kati ya wahusika, ambayo ni mojawapo ya tunu za msingi za kiutu.

Aidha Mahusiano ya kingono huwaletea utulivu wa nafsi katika ngazi ya mwili na kiakili (psycho-somatic integrity), ambayo ni mojawapi ya tunu za msingi za kiutu.

Utulivu wa nafsi hufuatia mabadiliko ya kimwili yanayoambatana na mchakato wa tendo la ngono unaoweza kuhitimishwa na mshindo mara nyingi.

Kadiri mahusiano ya kingono yanavyoendelea kati ya wahusika ndivyo homoni nyingi zaidi ya oxytocin inavyozalishwa.

Kadiri homoni nyingi zaidi inavyozalishwa ndivyo hamu ya kukutana tena na tena kingono inavyoongezeka.

Kadiri matukio ya kukutana kingono yanavyoongezeka ndivyo uwezekano wa kupata mimba unavyoongezeka, kama wahusika ni mwanamume na mwanamke wenye uwezo wa kizaaa.

Mimba ikitokea, mtoto akazaliwa, wahusika wanaitwa wazazi. Siku moja wazazi watapata wajukuu na vitukuu, wataitwa mababu na mabibi.

Ukoo wa binadamu unasonga mbele namna hiyo kutokana na matendo ya ngono ya jenitalia kwa jenitalia kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume wasiotumia kingamimba.

Katika orodha yetu ya awali, kuna aina tatu za wasifu wa kijinsia zinazoweza kufanya matendo ya ngono yanayoweza kuleta matokeo "umoja na uzazi". Hapa kuna:

1. Mwanamke (female cisgender),
2. Mwanamume (male cisgender),
3. Mwanamke au mwanamume anayepinga ubaguzi wa kijinsia (Straight ally/Ally),

Kwa ufupi, tendo la ngono linaweza kuleta matokeo ya kibayolojia tuliyoyataja kama "umoja na uzazi" linaweza kuleta matokeo matatu, kwani neno "umoja" linabeba maana mbili hapa. Kuna:

• Umoja wa kikemia (chemical unity) kati watu wawili wanaoshiriki tendo la ngono ,
• Umoja wa kimwili na kiakili (psycho-somatic unity) kwa kila mshiriki watendo la ngono, na
• Umoja wa kiuzazi (parental unity) kwa sababu ya mchakato unaosababisha mimba na mtoto anayeweza kufuata.

Mbali na tendo la ngono ya jenitalia kwa jenitalia kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume ambao hawajatumia kingamimba, hakuna tendo la ngono l8ngine lenye uwezo wa kuleta matokeo yote matatu, kama yalivyoorodheshwa hapo juu.

Badala yake, kuna matendo ya ngono yanayoweza kuleta matokeo mawili ya kwanza, pasipo uwezekano wa kuleta tokeo la tatu, yaani "umoja wa kiuzazi."

Matendo hayo ni pamoja na:

• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na pura ya mwanamke, yaani ulawiti wa mwanamke (male-to-female pedication),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na pura ya mwanamume, yaani ulawiti wa mwanamume (male-to-male pedication),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia za kike, yaani usagaji (tribadism),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na mdomo (felatio),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kike na mdomo (cunilingus),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na mapaja (thigh sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na matiti (inter-breast sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na kwapa (armpit sex),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia na vidole (manual masturbation),
• Ngono inayohusisha msuguano wa jenitalia ya kiume na jenitalia ya kike ukiambatana na matumizi ya kingamimba kama vile kondomu au kidonge (contracepted sex).

NI kwa kuzingatia mantiki hii, tunaweza kusema kwa usahihi kwamba, mwanafalsafa Giovanni Montini (1968), katika makala yake iitwayo "Humanae Vitae," alikusudia kutetea rais isemayo kwamba:

"There is an inseparable natural connection between the chemically unitive significance, psycho-somatically unitive significance and the procreatively unitive significance which are triply intrinsic and inherent to the uncontracepted penis-in-vagina sexual acts as opposed to all other sexual acts." (Giovanni Montini (1968), Humanae Vitae, paragrapg 12 paraphrased)
Kanuni hii ya "pembetatu ya umoja wa kikemikali, kisaikomwili na kiuzazi" ndio inachora msitari ulionyooka kati ya matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na watu wa jinsia tofauti, kwa upande mmoja, na matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na watu wa jinsia moja, kwa upande mwingine.

Hii ni hoja ya kifalsafa na kisayansi, japo inaungwa mkono na ushahidi wa kiteolojia, hasa teolojia inayoongelea "jozi ya mke na mume kama mwili mmoja".

Wasifu wa kijinsia na uswa wa haki za binadamu

Awali ya yote, napenda kusema kuwa, kwa kutumia kigezo hiki cha "pembetatu ya umoja wa kikemikali, kisaikomwili na kiuzazi" watetezi wa haki za kijinsia wenye kuongelea "the right to marital equality" kati ya wapenzi wa jinsia moja na wapenzi wa jinsia tofauti wanapoteza hoja.

Ukweli ni kwamba, japo "umoja wa kisaikomwili" na "umoja wa kikemikali" vinawezekana kupitia matendo ya ngono kati ya watu wa jinsia moja, lakini "umoja wa kiuzazi" hauwezekani kamwe.

Na kwa hiyo, kulingana na kanuni za semilojia, zinzotofautusha kati ya "symbolic signs," "iconic signs" na "indexical signs", matendo ya ngono yanayofanywa na wapenzi wa jinsia moja hayawezi kuwa "indexical signs," na hivyo hayawezi kuwa "alama asilia ya umoja wa kiuzazi."

Kwa hiyo, kwa kutumia kigezo hiki, wanazuoni wanaosema kwamba hakuna usawa kati ya ndoa ya jinsia moja na ndoa ya jinsia tofauti wako sahihi.

Kwa kiwango hiki nawaunga mkono Kwa sababu ya jawabu linalojitokeza pale swali lifuatalo linapoulizwa:

What is marriage and which sexual unions count as one?
Hili ni swali lenye sehemu mbili. Jawabu la sehemu ya kwanza ya Swali ndio linaamua jawabu kwa sehemu ya pili ya swali.

Kuhusu sehemu ya kwanza ya swali, neno "ndoa" ni kibadilika (variable) kinachoweza kubeba maana zaidi ya moja.

Hapa kuna majibu kama vile ndoa ya jinsia tofauti, ndoa ya jinsia moja, ndoa ya wagumba, ndoa ya wazazi, na kadhalika.

Kuhusu ndoa ya watu wa jinsia tofauti jawabu ni kwamba:

Marriage is a relatively permanent and exclusive sexual union between two persons which is specified by sexual acts which simultaneously manifest chemically unitive significance, psycho-somatically unitive significance and the procreatively unitive significance.
Na kuhusu ndoa ya watu wa jinsia moja jawabu ni kwamba:

Marriage is a relatively permanent and exclusive sexual union between two persons which is specified by sexual acts which simultaneously manifest chemically unitive significance and psycho-somatically unitive significance to the exclusion of procreatively unitive significance
Ni kwa sababu ya tofauti hii katika fasili, ndoa za jinsia moja hazitambuliwi kisheria katika sehemu nyingi duniani, na Tanzania ikiwemo.

Sababu ni kwamba, ndoa hizi hazina mchango mkubwa katika kukuza na kuhami maslahi mapana ya kitaifa kwa sababu ya kukosa uwezo wa kuleta "umoja wa kiuzazi" ambayo ni tunu ya kijinsia iliyo muhimu katika ustawi wa taifa.

Yaani, kwa sehemu kubwa, sheria za ndoa zinahangaika kukuza na kuhami kwa mpigo tunu tatu za kijinsia: umoja wa kikemikali, umoja wa kisaikomwili na umoja wa kiuzazi.

Hata hivyo, watu wote, bila kujali nani anaanguka katika wasifu wa kijinsia upi ni wanufaika wa haki zote za binadamu zilizotajwa kwenye Tangazo la Dunia la Haki za Watu.

Chimbuko la aina tofauti za wasifu wa kijinsia

Kitaalam tunasema kuwa wasifu wa kijinsia ni zao la mabadiliko ya kijinsia katika ngazi ya vinasaba na homoni.

Kama mabadiliko haya yakifuata ramani ya kawaida tunapata mwanamke au mwanamume. Hapa kuna Normal Sexual Development.

Lakini, Kama mabadiliko haya yakishindwa kufuata ramani ya kawaida tunapata mtoto mwenye wasifu tata wa kijinsia. Hapa kuna Disorders of Sexual Developments.

Hapa chini, tutaona kwa kifupi jinsi wasifu wa kijinsia wa kawaida na wasifu wa kijinsia wenye ulemavu unavyotokea.

Lengo la ufafanuzi unaofuata ni kuonyesha kwamba, ni ujinga kusema Vidacom au Tigo wanaeneza uanaume, au wanaeneza uanauke, au wanaeneza uhunta, au wanaeneza ushoga, au wanaeneza usagaji. Hizi ni hali asilia.

Zinaenezwa na kanuni za maumbile Kutokana na ulemavu wa kijenetiki.

Kuna tofauti kati ya hali na tabia. Wasifu wa kijinsia unajumuisha hali na tabia. Watu wana maamuzi juu ya tabia zao lakini hawana maamuzi juu ya hali zao asilia.

Na kina Voda na kina Tigo hawawezi kubadilisha nyasifu za kijinsia walizo nazo watanzania, baadhi yake zikiwa zina ulemavu wa kijenetiki.

Chimbuko wa wasifu wa kijinsia wa kawaida

According to Speroff and Fritz (2005) and Carlson (2013), the process of sex determination for the unborn child is governed by several genes within the first seven weeks of pregnancy. This process goes through five main stages.

(a) Determination of the sex of the child at the cellular level (chromosome sex) during fertilization is explained in terms of the following steps.

(i) Through sexual intercourse, a male sperm with 23 chromosomes, including 22 chromosomes called "X" and one called "Y," unites with a female egg with 23 chromosomes called "X", creating a new compound cell having 46 chromosomes, which is called a zygote.

(ii) So, the result of the fertilization an egg by a sperm is a zygote capable of undergoing cell division to form a new individual.

(iii) Thus, this zygote can have either 46 chromosomes with a female format, that is, 'XX' (46XX Female), or 46 chromosomes with a male format, that is, XY (46XY Male).

(iv) In this first stage of sex determination, the pregnancy has a neutral reproductive system. Instead, there is a "tissue" having three parts: two bipotential gonads, two Mullerian ducts and two Wolfian ducts.

(v) Depending on the circumstances of the time, the bipotential gonads and their ducts can turn into male genitalia or female genitalia.

(vi) Thus, chromosomal sex answers the questions: Does the person have 44+XX chromosome structure that is typical of normal female persons? or Does the person have 44+XY chromosome structure that is typical of normal male persons?

(vii) A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(b) In the seventh week of pregnancy, witnesses the establishment of the sex of the child at the level of the gonad (gonadal sex). At this point, the two bipotential gonads, either will turn into female ovaries or will turn into male testicles.

(i) If the bipotential gonads turn into ovaries, the pregnancy of a female child is established. And if they turn into testicles, the pregnancy of a male child is established. These changes occur in the fifty-day-old pregnancy.

(ii) This stage is controlled by several genes, but the most important gene are the "sex determining region Y gene, that is “SRY gene." The "SRY gene" is a gene found at one end of the "Y" chromosome, which is the male chromosome.

(iii) The job of the "SRY gene" is to produce a chemical that turns the bipotential gonads into testicles. That chemical is a protein called called "testicle determining factor (TDF)."

(iv) The availability of SRY and TDF forces the two free gonads to turn into testicles, so that, a male pregnancy is achieved. This is an event in the seventh week of pregnancy.

(v) On the other hand, the absence of SRY and TDF allows the bipotential gonads to acquire the 'XX' genetic format, and hence to turn into ovaries, and thus, to facilitate a female pregnancy. This is an event in the seventh week of pregnancy.

(vi) Thus, if a child is born as a complete male, he has a genetic system having an "XY" format which is accompanied by the "existence" of "SRY gene." That is, he has a genetic structure having the format of “46XY Male, SRY+.”

(vii) On the other hand, if a child is born as a full female, she will have a genetic system having the format of "XX" being accompanied by the "lack" of an "SRY gene." That is, she will have a genetic makeup having the format “46XX Female, SRY-.”

(viii) So under stage two, two types of sex emerge. We have genetic sex and gonadal sex.

(ix) In short, genetic sex answers the questions: Does the person have genes that determine sexual development that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person lack the genes that determine sexual development that is typical of normal female persons?

(x) And gonadal sex answers the questions: Does the person have two testicles that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have two ovaries that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(c) The third stage is the determination of sex at the genital level and several parts of the body, thus giving it a special morphology/appearance (genital sex).

(i) This stage is controlled by male hormones, such as testosterone, which is produced in the testes of the male fetus; and female hormones, such as estrogen, which is produced in the ovaries of the female fetus.

(ii) At this stage, the female fetus acquires the following external genitalia: the vulva, the vagina, the cervix and the urethra. In addition, a woman gets the following internal genitalia: the reproductive tract, uterus, two fallopian tubes and ovaries.

(iii) The male pregnancy, gets the following external genitalia: a penis and two testicles that descend into his pouch. In addition, the male pregnancy acquires the following internal genitalia: the prostate, the epididymis, the seminal vesicles, and the vas deferens.

(iv) Thus, at this stage, two types of sex emerge too. They are internal genetic sex and external genetic sex.

(v) Internal-genital sex answers the questions: Does the person have sperm transport system that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have the uterus, oviducts, and upper vagina that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(vi) And external-genital sex answers the questions: Does the person have a penis and scrotum that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have clitoris and vulva that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(d) The fourth stage is puberty sex differentiation, which is determined by the production of male and female sex hormones which starts after adolescence.

(i) These hormones have both physical and psychological effect to the growing person. So, we can talk about three types of sex so far, namely: hormonal sex, pubertal sex, and psychological sex.

(ii) Hormonal sex answers the questions: Does the person have hormones that are typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have hormones that are typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(iii) Pubertal sex answers the questions: Does the person have Adam’s apple, beards, pubic hair, body shape and skeletal growth that is typical of normal male persons? or Does the person have breast development, menstrual cycle system, and body shape typical of normal female persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(iv) And psychological sex answers the questions: Does the person have an androphilic sexual orientation that is typical of normal female persons? or Does the person have gynophilic sexual orientation that is typical of normal male persons?

A negative answer to both questions implies an "an irregular genetic situation" called a "Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD)."

(v) In summary, concerning the science of normal sexual differentiation, we have seen the following: That, the chromosomal sex of the embryo is established at fertilization.

This stage of embryonic development is sexually differentiated at a genetic level, but having sexually indifferent gonads. However, after six weeks of pregnancy further signs of sex differentiation are noticed.

This process of sex differentiation involves a series of events whereby the sexually indifferent gonads progressively acquire male or female characteristics. The process of gonadal determination is governed by a complex network of genes, including the SRY gene, whose balanced expression levels either activate the testis pathway and simultaneously repress the ovarian pathway or vice versa.

Subsequently, internal and external genitalia will follow the male pathway in the presence of androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), or the female pathway in the absence of these hormones.

(e) As such, we can scientifically talk about eight categories of human sex, namely: chromosomal sex, genetic sex, gonadal sex, internal-genital sex, external-genital sex, pubertal sex, hormonal sex, and psychological sex.

(f) And, in conclusion, then, we can confidently say that, the normal sexual orientation of an individual person, whether androphilic or gynophilic, is congenital and not volitional, natural and not chosen.

(g) In the case of male pregnancy, it results from the presence of the following factors: SRY gene, a protein called TDF, anti-Mullerian hormone, and other factors.

(h) And in the case female pregnancy, it results from the absence of the following factors: SRY gene, a protein called TDF, anti-Mullerian hormone, and other factors. The fact of absence as a causal factor is explained above.

Chimbuko wa wasifu wa kijinsia wenye ulemavu

Is the existence of a condition of an abnormal sexual orientation scientifically supported? Our findings in response to this question are as follows, based on a sound theory of disorders of sex development (DSD):

(a) Just as there are persons with disabilities at a physical level having impaired parts of their bodies, such as squinting eyes, left-handedness, and other persons with disabilities(PWDs), there are PWDs at a sexual level too.

(b) For example, if a person has two genitals, namely, a "penis" and a "vagina," with one of them not functioning properly, then, that is a person with disability at a sexual level. This is a hermaphrodite.

(c) The science of abnormal sexual differentiation, refers to this abnormal phenomenon as a disorder of sexual development (DSD).

(d) According to the works of Vogel and Motulsky (2009) along with Crooks and Baur (2014) the origins of "Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD)," can be explained scientifically.

(e) Earlier we saw that, if a child is born as a normal male, he will have a genetic system having the format "46XY ME, SRY+." On the other hand, we said that, if a child is born as a normal female, she will have a genetic system having the format "46XX KE, SRY-."

(f) But unfortunately, if it happens that a pregnancy with a genetic system having the format "XY" is accompanied by a broken "Y" chromosome which has suffered a partial or total loss of an "SRY gene," then, serious genetic consequences will occur to the pregnancy, as discussed next.

(g) First, this pregnancy will not receive the Testicle Determining Factor (TDF), which is the "protein that triggers the growth of testicles," so that the child can be born male.

(h) Instead, despite the fact that the pregnancy has a male genetic format of 'XY,' at the chromosomal level, this pregnancy will develop ovaries as if the pregnancy had a female genetic format of 'XX,' which is the female genetic format, at the chromosomal level.

(i) Finally, a child will be born who is male at the cellular level, while he is female at the gonadal level. He will be a person with sexual disability at a sexual level, having a genetic format of "46XY Female, SRY-."

(j) Her ovaries will produce female hormones, and she will have a female morphology, while inside she has cells having a male format. She will be a genotypical male, who is a phenotypical female.

(k) This disorder of sexual development brings about a change which is called “male-to-female sex reversal.” So, this is how a man with a feminine appearance, like Caster Semenya, a South African athlete, comes into the world.

(l) Unfortunately again, if it happens that, a pregnancy with a genetic format of 'XX' is accompanied by an X chromosome that has picked up a "SRY gene," after it has accidentally broken off and dropped from the Y chromosome, serious consequences will befall the pregnancy too.

(m) First, this pregnancy gets "testicular growth protein," that is TDF, causing the child to be born with male genitalia.

(n) For this reason, despite the fact that the pregnancy has a genetic format of 'XX,' which is a female format, it will still produce testicles, as if the pregnancy had a genetic format of 'XY,' which is a male format .

(o) Finally, a child will be born with a female gender at the cellular level, while he has a male gender at the gonad level. He will be a genotypical female and a phenotypical male. He will be a person with disability at a sexual level having a genetic format of “46XX Male, SRY+.”

(p) His testicles will produce male hormones, and he will have a male morphology, while inside he has cells having a female format. This disorder of sexual development brings about a change which is called “female-to-male sex reversal.” This is how a woman with a masculine appearance can come into being.

(q) Again, if the "SRY gene” does not completely drop from the "Y" chromosome, then, male to female sex reversal, or female to male sex reversal, as the case may be, will be partial. As result, the pregnancy may have male genitalia and female genitalia.

(r) This is how hermaphrodites happen. In the modern terminology, they are otherwise called intersexed persons or simply intersexuals.

Hitimisho na mapendekezo

Napenda kuhitimisha uchambuzi huu kwa kusema mambo matatu:

Mosi, itikadi ya uhalisia wa kimaumbile (immanent realism) inatufundisha kwamba tunapoongea tunatumia maneno yenye kuwakilisha mawazo yetu kuhusu vitu tunavyoviona katika mazingira yaliyokizunguka kichwa.

Yaani mawazo yetu yanapaswa kukubaliana na uhalisia wa mambo katika mazingira yetu. Pale mawazo na mazingira yetu vikipishana tunakuwa tumepindisha ukweli.

Pili, itikadi ya uhandisi wa kijamii (social constructionism) inatufundisha kwamba tunaweza kikaa vikao na kukubaliana kubuni ukweli wa kijamii na kutumia vikao hivyo kufuta ukweli huo.

Mfano mzuri ni vikao vya bunge vinavyotunga na kufumua sheria.

Na tatu, ujinsia wa binadamu unaongozwa na itikadi zote mbili lakini hatuna mamlaka ya kubuni ukweli wa kijamii (social facts) unaopingana na ukweli wa kimaumbile (brute facts).

Kwa hiyo, sisi kama Taifa tunao wajibu wa kutambua na kuheshimu kila wasifu wa kijinsia unaofahamika kutokana na tafiti za kisayansi na kisha kuweka mfumo wa kisheria wa kukuza na kuhami haki asilia za kila kundi linalohusiana na wasifu wa kijinsia husika.

Kwa maoni yangu haki za kijinsia zinazokubaliana na kanuni ya heshima ya utu wa binadamu ni haki za binadamu zinazopaswa kukuzwa na kulindwa. Haki hizo ni pamoja na:

• Haki ya kuwa hhuru dhidi ya mabavu ya kingono
• Haki ya kuwa huru dhidi ya unyonyaji wa kijinsia
• Hali ya uhuru wa kufunga ndoa na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Haki ya uhuru wa kuzaa na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Hali ya uhuru wa kuanzisha mahusiano ya kingono na mtu yeyote kwa hiari
• Haki ya uhuru wa kutenganisha ngono na uzazi ili kufurahia tendo la ngono bila hofu ya mimba
• Haki ya uhuru wa watu wagumba kutafuta mtoto kwa njia za kisasa
• Haki ya uhuru dhidi ya unyanyapaa wa kijamii dhidi ya mtu kwa sababu ya wasifu wa kijinsia aliozaliwa nao
• Na uhuru wa kunufaika na haki zote za binadamu zilizotajwa kwenye Tangazo la dunia na Haki za Watu bila ubaguzi wowote kwa sababu ya wasifu wa kijinsia alio nao mtu

Mjadala uendelee.

Marejeo yaliyotumika

1. Leon Speroff and Marc Fritz (2005), Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 8th Edition (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins).
2. Elof Axel Carlson (2013), The 7 Sexes: Biology of Sex Determination (Bloomington: Indiana. University Press).
3. Friedrich Vogel and Arno G. Motulsky (2009), Human Genetics: Problems and Approaches (Berlin, New York: Springer)
4. Robert Crooks and Karlar Baur(2014), entitled “Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth)
5. Sophia Institute for Teachers (2020), Spirit of Truth: High School Course 6 (USA: Sophia Institute for Teachers).
6. Robert Crooks and Karlar Baur (2014), Our Sexuality, 12th edition (Belmonte, USA: Wadsworth)

Ushoga ni tabia uko kote ni kuzunguka mbuyu

 

[Kohelethi]

Hakuna sehemu nimesema maandiko yanaruhusu ushoga hivo ni tabia za mtu mwenywe lkn kiukwel makafiri makristo mengi ndo mashoga kulko dini yeyote Ile, mashoga tu ya marekani pekee yake yapo milion 35 hyo nchi Moja tu ya kikafir

Makristo mengi?. Muddy aliwaweza sana kuwaingizia chuki zidi ya wakristo. Ndiyo maana nyinyi ni rahisi sana kuwa magaigi. Sababu ya chuki ya kupandikizwa dhidi ya mwenye Imani zingine

 

[Dr. Mariposa]

Nachotaka kusema ni hivi: Kama jamii ya Kiafrika, tunapaswa kuwa macho na kujitayarisha kwa mabadiliko makubwa ya kijamii yanayokuja kwa kasi—mabadiliko ambayo tayari yamebadili misingi ya jamii za Magharibi, na sasa yanaelekezwa kwetu kupitia mlango wa "misaada ya maendeleo", "uhuru wa mtu binafsi", na "ushoga kama haki za binadamu".

Niliwahi kupitia takwimu za Marekani. Barack Obama alipoingia madarakani mwaka 2008, moja ya ajenda zake kuu ilikuwa ni kuhalalisha ndoa za jinsia moja. Wakati huo, 70% ya Wamarekani walipinga wazo hilo. Lakini kufikia 2014—miaka 6 tu baadaye—mtazamo huo ulikuwa umebadilika kabisa. Asilimia 70% sasa waliunga mkono ndoa hizo. Nini kilitokea?

Majibu ni social engineering. Fedha zilimwagwa kupitia NGOs, mashirika ya kimataifa, na miongozo ya elimu; vyombo vya habari vikabadilika na kuanza kuwasilisha masuala ya LGBTQ kama jambo la kawaida, la kisasa, na la kuigwa. Filamu, muziki, mitandao ya kijamii — vyote vilitumika kubadilisha fikra. Leo hii, kizazi kizima kimetekwa. Kuna watoto wa kike wanaojiita wanaume, na watoto wa kiume wanaojiita wanawake. Ukisema ukweli huu hadharani, unaweza kupoteza kazi, heshima, au hata uhuru wako.

Sasa tukiangalia Afrika, tunaona ishara hizo hizo zimeanza kuonekana:

1. Mashirika ya kimataifa yanalenga elimu ya msingi na sekondari: Kuna warsha na programu zinazolenga "elimu jumuishi ya kijinsia" ambazo kwa nje zinaonekana kama elimu ya afya ya uzazi, lakini ndani zinaeneza dhana za utambulisho wa kijinsia (gender identity) na ujinsia mbadala. Watoto wanafundishwa kuwa "unaweza kuwa chochote unachojisikia leo", bila kuzingatia hali ya kimaumbile au tamaduni zetu.
2. Mikataba ya misaada yenye masharti ya ajenda za kijinsia: Baadhi ya nchi za Afrika zimeshawahi kulazimishwa kuingiza sheria au sera za kupokea na kuwalinda mashoga ili zipate misaada ya kimataifa. Mfano ni nchi kama Malawi, Uganda, na Ghana ambazo zimewahi kukumbana na mashinikizo ya kimataifa kuhusu sheria zao za ushoga.
3. Media na burudani kutoka Magharibi zinaathiri vijana wetu moja kwa moja: Vipindi vya Netflix, YouTube, TikTok, na hata baadhi ya katuni zinazoangaliwa na watoto wadogo zinaanza kuingiza ujumbe wa LGBTQ kwa ujanja. Mfano: baadhi ya vipindi vya watoto vimeonyesha ndoa za mashoga au tabia za kubadilika kijinsia kama jambo la kawaida na la kufurahisha.
4. Mabadiliko ya lugha na sheria za ukimya: Katika baadhi ya majiji makubwa Afrika, tayari kuna matukio ambapo mtu akisema hadharani kwamba haungi mkono ajenda ya LGBTQ, anashambuliwa kama “mchochezi” au “anayehamasisha chuki.” Hii ni njia ya kunyamazisha hoja mbadala kwa kutumia hofu badala ya mjadala wa wazi.

Kwa kifupi, ninaonya jamii yetu kuhusu hatari ya kupokea kila kitu kutoka nje bila kujiuliza madhara yake ya muda mrefu. Tunageuza matatizo ya kisaikolojia kuwa jambo la kujivunia, huku tukitengeneza matatizo mapya ya kijamii kwa vizazi vijavyo.

Tukishindwa kusimama sasa, baada ya miaka 10 tutakuwa na kizazi kinachoamini kuwa kuwa mwanaume au mwanamke ni hisia tu, si hali ya maumbile. Na kama hatutakuwa na nafasi ya kusema ukweli leo, kesho tutakuwa wageni katika tamaduni tulizorithi kutoka kwa mababu zetu.

Hapa sasa umeeleweka, natamani kungekua kuna kipengele cha voice ili nikujibu kwa sauti,
Anyway naomba nikujibu hivi kwanza kwa maandishi yako tayari unaonesha una chuki dhidi ya jamii ya Lgbt+ (homophobic) na nyie homophobics ndio mliosababisha mpaka hizo nchi zilizoendelea kuja na sera madhubuti ya kuwalinda jamii ya mashoga sababu dunia kabla haijastaarabika nazungumzia karne nyingi zilizopita jamii hii ya mashoga ilikuwepo ila waliishi kwa uoga na hofu na waliuliwa ama kudhalilishwa pindi walipojulikana,

Nakukumbusha tena, jamii ya mashoga ilikuwepo tangu karne nyingi zilizopita ref: sodoma na gomora kwa maana hiyo hata Yesu na Muhammad waliwakuta na wakawaacha pia, sasa narudi tena kwako kwanini unahisi nchi za magharibi ndio zinachochea ushoga? je unaamini mtu anaweza akakigongea nyumbani kwako na kukupa hela akakwambia kua shoga na wewe ukawa? je Ushoga ni nini kwa mtazamo wako?

Naendelea, nchi za magharibi haziwageuzi watu kua mashoga, wanachofanya ni kuilinda hiyo jamii ya mashoga ambayo ipo kwa kuwafanya waishi kwa amani kwenye ulimwengu kama watu wengine bila kuhisi hofu, ubaguzi wala udhalilishwaji, kama aliyewaumba kawapa pumzi na afya na utashi kwanini wewe ambaye huwezi kuunda hata jiwe uchukie uwepo wa mwingine kisa tu mitizamo yenu ya kingono haiendani? Sio kama wewe ndie unaonekana una tatizo la akili?

Nchi za kiafrika umetolea mfano Uganda, hivi nchi kama Uganda ilivyo maskini, imekaliwa na dikteta mmoja miaka na miaka bila mabadiliko yoyote ya kiuchumi badala ya kupambana na umaskini wa Nchi wanapambana na mashoga yaani sekta ya elimu mbovu, ya afya mbovu, ya nishati mbovu, ya uchumi ndio usiseme ila rais ana saini sheria ya kumnyonga shoga, seriously!!!? na hii inaenda kwa nchi zote za kiafrika matatizo yao yanafanana nchi za magharibi wanachokifanya ni kuwakumbusha wajibu wao hao viongozi madikteta kwa kuwabana kwenye misaada huku inalinda haki za binaadaam halafu mbona mnasema tu kuhusu ushoga mbona wamesaidia ukombozi wa Mwanamke wa Kiafrika, ukombozi wa Mtoto wa Kiafrika, ukombozi wa Walemavu, wameleta dawa za VVU, Malaria, TB na magonjwa mengine, mkaletewa hadi chanjo ya Corona hadi Neti mkazifurahia leo sasa inakombolewa jamii ya Mashoga hamtaki 😂 kama sio ubinafsi ni nini?

Hitimisho: Mashoga wapo, watambuliwe kwa uwepo wao, ni binaadam kama wewe mlichotofautiana ni uelekeo ya kingono na utambulisho wa jinsia, wana haki ya:
1. Kuishi kwa uhuru kwenye nchi zao
2. Kupata elimu na ajira
3. Haki ya ndoa (na watoto)
4. Haki ya kisheria
5. Haki ya Usawa

 

[Dr. Mariposa]

Here....

View attachment 3378342

Unaongela "ushoga kama haki ya kibinadamu" while in fact unaongelea "ulawiti kama haki ya binadamu"

What is the problem?

Upgrade your medulla oblangata.

Doctor ahsante sana, umejua kutunyooshea mtu/watu,
Kwa niaba ya Lgbt+ wa Tanzania tunakushukuru na kukutakia happy pride month 🏳️‍🌈

 

[Tundazuri]

kufirana raha sana.

Asante cocastic kwa kutuwakilisha vizuri kwenye huu uz

Sanaa yaan tena ukutane ile laini mnato safi inabana vizur kama yangu unaweza goma kurudi kwenu, jokes jaman. Tuiombee nchi yetu

 

[DIVISHENI FOO]

Doctor ahsante sana, umejua kutunyooshea mtu/watu,
Kwa niaba ya Lgbt+ wa Tanzania tunakushukuru na kukutakia happy pride month 🏳️‍🌈

Hata wewe dokta asante sana kwa kutuwakilisha vyema.

Umewanyoosha sana hawa VIPWINTO WA JF.

 

[Tundazuri]

Basi nilijua hata una uelewa mpana kuhusu Ushoga/mashoga, km ulivyo jipambanua ktk huu uzi wako, kumbe hollah.

Nakujibu simple, ktk jumuiya ya Ushoga na matawi yake, yes kuna majukumu km hayo.

Wapo mashoga, wameoa, wana familia, na wanaishi well life balanced na jamii.

Vipi una jingine?

Kabisaa