Wanasayansi naomba mnisaidie maana Quran inaniambia mtoto anaumbwa baada ya sperm kuingia kwenye damu iliyoganda

Wanasayansi naomba mnisaidie maana Quran inaniambia mtoto anaumbwa baada ya sperm kuingia kwenye damu iliyoganda

Championship said:
Mimi sijampangia allah ambaye ni moja ya creators maana anajiita yeye ndio bora ingawa hata hajui hatua za utungaji mimba na wala hajui sperm zinatokea wapi.
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Iloo utahangaika sana tu na Mungu wako alie laaniwa huyo kama ibilis

Umepewa majibu mpaka umekinai
Huna kitu wewe kwenye uislamu hii dini inahitaji elimu kweli sio hizo Zenu za kukopy mpaka pumba eti version na translation maana yake ni moja
Uyo kanda mzungu wa bongo ndio ana maana hiyo
 
professional Driver said:
Kumbe unacho kifanya ni ubishi na sio elimu nakurushia tena soma

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'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University

Published

22 July 2015

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Media caption,

The university's academics were "startled" by the results of radiocarbon dating

By Sean Coughlan

Education correspondent

What may be the world's oldest fragments of the Koran have been found by the University of Birmingham.

Radiocarbon dating found the manuscript to be at least 1,370 years old, making it among the earliest in existence.

The pages of the Muslim holy text had remained unrecognised in the university library for almost a century.

The British Library's expert on such manuscripts, Dr Muhammad Isa Waley, said this "exciting discovery" would make Muslims "rejoice".

The manuscript had been kept with a collection of other Middle Eastern books and documents, without being identified as one of the oldest fragments of the Koran in the world.

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Image caption,

The fragments were written on sheep or goat skin

Oldest texts

When a PhD researcher, Alba Fedeli, looked more closely at these pages it was decided to carry out a radiocarbon dating test and the results were "startling".

The university's director of special collections, Susan Worrall, said researchers had not expected "in our wildest dreams" that it would be so old.



Image caption,

Prof Thomas says the writer of this manuscript could have heard the Prophet Muhammad preach

"Finding out we had one of the oldest fragments of the Koran in the whole world has been fantastically exciting."

The tests, carried out by the Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, showed that the fragments, written on sheep or goat skin, were among the very oldest surviving texts of the Koran.

These tests provide a range of dates, showing that, with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645.

"They could well take us back to within a few years of the actual founding of Islam," said David Thomas, the university's professor of Christianity and Islam.

"According to Muslim tradition, the Prophet Muhammad received the revelations that form the Koran, the scripture of Islam, between the years 610 and 632, the year of his death."



Prof Thomas says the dating of the Birmingham folios would mean it was quite possible that the person who had written them would have been alive at the time of the Prophet Muhammad.

"The person who actually wrote it could well have known the Prophet Muhammad. He would have seen him probably, he would maybe have heard him preach. He may have known him personally - and that really is quite a thought to conjure with," he says.

First-hand witness

Prof Thomas says that some of the passages of the Koran were written down on parchment, stone, palm leaves and the shoulder blades of camels - and a final version, collected in book form, was completed in about 650.

He says that "the parts of the Koran that are written on this parchment can, with a degree of confidence, be dated to less than two decades after Muhammad's death".

"These portions must have been in a form that is very close to the form of the Koran read today, supporting the view that the text has undergone little or no alteration and that it can be dated to a point very close to the time it was believed to be revealed."

Media caption,

Susan Worrall says the university wants to put this internationally significant discovery on public display

The manuscript, written in "Hijazi script", an early form of written Arabic, becomes one of the oldest known fragments of the Koran.

Because radiocarbon dating creates a range of possible ages, there is a handful of other manuscripts in public and private collections which overlap. So this makes it impossible to say that any is definitively the oldest.

But the latest possible date of the Birmingham discovery - 645 - would put it among the very oldest.

'Precious survivor'

Dr Waley, curator for such manuscripts at the British Library, said "these two folios, in a beautiful and surprisingly legible Hijazi hand, almost certainly date from the time of the first three caliphs".

The first three caliphs were leaders in the Muslim community between about 632 and 656.

Dr Waley says that under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, copies of the "definitive edition" were distributed.



Image caption,

Muhammad Afzal of Birmingham Central Mosque said he was very moved to see the manuscript

"The Muslim community was not wealthy enough to stockpile animal skins for decades, and to produce a complete Mushaf, or copy, of the Holy Koran required a great many of them."

Dr Waley suggests that the manuscript found by Birmingham is a "precious survivor" of a copy from that era or could be even earlier.

"In any case, this - along with the sheer beauty of the content and the surprisingly clear Hijazi script - is news to rejoice Muslim hearts."

The manuscript is part of the Mingana Collection of more than 3,000 Middle Eastern documents gathered in the 1920s by Alphonse Mingana, a Chaldean priest born near Mosul in modern-day Iraq.

He was sponsored to take collecting trips to the Middle East by Edward Cadbury, who was part of the chocolate-making dynasty.



The Koran

IMAGE SOURCE,GETTY IMAGES

Muslims believe the words of the Koran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel over 22 years from 610

It was not until 1734 that a translation was made into English, but was littered with mistakes

Copies of the holy text were issued to British Indian soldiers fighting in the First World War

On 6 October 1930, words from the Koran were broadcast on British radio for the first time, in a BBC programme called The Sphinx

The origins of the Koran

Discover how the Koran became part of British life



The local Muslim community has already expressed its delight at the discovery in their city and the university says the manuscript will be put on public display.

"When I saw these pages I was very moved. There were tears of joy and emotion in my eyes. And I'm sure people from all over the UK will come to Birmingham to have a glimpse of these pages," said Muhammad Afzal, chairman of Birmingham Central Mosque.



The university says the Koran fragments will go on display in the Barber Institute in Birmingham in October.

Prof Thomas says it will show people in Birmingham that they have a "treasure that is second to none".



More stories from the BBC's Knowledge economy series looking at education from a global perspective and how to get in touch.



More on this story

The origins of the Koran

23 July 2015


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Umekosa utetezi mpya mpaka urudie kupost hili? Hapa tayari umeshaambiwa ilianza kuandikwa 568AD wakati Muhammad alianza kukutana na jibril 610AD. Bado huoni tunachokuambia?
 
Championship said:
Kwahiyo unapinga kwamba Allah hajawahi kutumia pande la nyama kufufua?
Click to expand...
Nipe aya inayosema Allahu kafufua kwa pande la nyama hapa mimi naijua quran bro wewe hata neno na tumewaelekeza unaliandika mwenyewe na hulioni hapo kweli hamna kitu au nikumalizie na mstari huu chochote anachotaka yeye usema kua na kikawa.
 
professional Driver said:
Iloo utahangaika sana tu na Mungu wako alie laaniwa huyo kama ibilis

Umepewa majibu mpaka umekinai
Huna kitu wewe kwenye uislamu hii dini inahitaji elimu kweli sio hizo Zenu za kukopy mpaka pumba eti version na translation maana yake ni moja
Uyo kanda mzungu wa bongo ndio ana maana hiyo
Click to expand...
Hapa naona umepaniki hata hueleweki unaongelea nini.
 
Championship said:
Sijaelewa hoja yako hapa ni nini. Mimi nimekuambia manuscripts za biblia zipo London na Vatican.
Click to expand...
Hizo za vitabu vingine vya bibilia ziko wapi na hizi zinazo fichwa manuscript hawa zioni na je version na translation ni maneno ya visawe hayo
JamiiForums-112222876.jpg
 
professional Driver said:
Nipe aya inayosema Allahu kafufua kwa pande la nyama hapa mimi naijua quran bro wewe hata neno na tumewaelekeza unaliandika mwenyewe na hulioni hapo kweli hamna kitu au nikumalizie na mstari huu chochote anachotaka yeye usema kua na kikawa.
Click to expand...
Aya tumeshakuwekea hivyo hakuna haja ya kuirudia. Atachinja ng'ombe wangapi ili awafufue na kuwapatia mabikira 72?
 
Championship said:
Quran ilikuwa inaandikwa kipindi cha muhammad?
Click to expand...
Ndio
Ilikuwa ina andikwa na ilikuwa ina kaririwa moja kwa moja kwenye vichwa vya waislamu

Hivyo ndio maana huwezi kukuta mtu akaeka neno lake mule au akafanya anavyotaka yeye ndio maana hukuti version kwenye quran
Nakupa faida
Baada ya miaka kadhaa ya mtume kufa ndio othman akaikusanya na kuwatafuta pia walio hifadhi na kuiandika katika kitabu kimoja mpaka sasa kiitwa cho msahafu
Hapo ikawa wepesi huwezi kuruka andiko wala aya kwa sababu kuna reference mbili kichwa cha muislamu kilicho salama na maandishi

Zingatia sijakwambia Mohamed ndio alikuwa anaandika maana wewe kichwa chako unakiweza mwenyewe
 
professional Driver said:
Ndio
Ilikuwa ina andikwa na ilikuwa ina kaririwa moja kwa moja kwenye vichwa vya waislamu

Hivyo ndio maana huwezi kukuta mtu akaeka neno lake mule au akafanya anavyotaka yeye ndio maana hukuti version kwenye quran
Nakupa faida
Baada ya miaka kadhaa ya mtume kufa ndio othman akaikusanya na kuwatafuta pia walio hifadhi na kuiandika katika kitabu kimoja mpaka sasa kiitwa cho msahafu
Hapo ikawa wepesi huwezi kuruka andiko wala aya kwa sababu kuna reference mbili kichwa cha muislamu kilicho salama na maandishi

Zingatia sijakwambia Mohamed ndio alikuwa anaandika maana wewe kichwa chako unakiweza mwenyewe
Click to expand...
Kwahiyo muhammad yeye alikuwa anazisoma na kukariri kutoka kwenye kitabu cha jibril. Halafu akishamaliza anawakaririsha wengine halafu wao badala ya kukariri wakaamua kuziandika?

Kwahiyo quran yote inategemea tu kama muhammad alikuwa sahihi?
 
Championship said:
Kwahiyo muhammad yeye alikuwa anazisoma na kukariri kutoka kwenye kitabu cha jibril. Halafu akishamaliza anawakaririsha wengine halafu wao badala ya kukariri wakaamua kuziandika?

Kwahiyo quran yote inategemea tu kama muhammad alikuwa sahihi?
Click to expand...
Umeona ulivyo na kichwa box haya nioneshe hapo kwenye maneno yangu kama nimemtaja hata jibril koleza nasubiri
 
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